WHITE AND WILLIAMS - Key Persons


Adam J. Ortlieb

Job Titles:
  • Associate
  • Associate / Philadelphia, PA
Adam Ortlieb has extensive experience defending doctors, advanced practice nurses, registered nurses, other medical providers, and hospital systems in healthcare litigations matters and works as an associate in the Healthcare Group at White and Williams. Prior to joining White and Williams, Adam defended medical malpractice matters as well as general liability and transportation litigation. He brings extensive experience in reviewing and analyzing medical records to identify the relevant medical issues in cases. He also has experience in motion practice in both federal and state courts in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Adam also previous clerked for the Joseph P. Quinn, the presiding civil judge in Monmouth County Superior Court of New Jersey.

Adam M. Berardi

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Adam has a broad range of experience representing insurers ranging from coverage disputes to commercial litigation around the country. His deep understanding of insurers draws non-insurer clients to Adam, where he advises on limiting potential liability and avoiding future coverage disputes.

Agatha C. Mingos

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Aggie advises clients on corporate governance, fiduciary obligations, internal conflicts and disputes, and shareholder rights, and counsels her clients through business divorces.

Alan J. Charkey

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Having spent over 10 years working as a claim adjuster and supervisor for three major insurers, Alan has extensive experience in the field of insurance, specifically subrogation.

Alex D. Corey

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Alexandra Dominguez

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Alison Bennett

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Allison M. Goldberg

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Amanda McHugh

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Amit P. Mysore

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Amy E. Vulpio

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Amy's unique experience representing both creditors and debtors provides insight into the priorities and motivations of parties across the table. She draws on this understanding to offer creative legal strategies to clients, whether in negotiations or litigation.

Andrea Moss - Chief Legal Officer

Job Titles:
  • Senior Counsel

Andrew E. Arthur

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Andrew F. Susko

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Andy has substantial courtroom experience and has successfully tried over 100 cases to jury verdict.

Angeli Fernandez

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Angelika Ekpo

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Anthony J.M. Kikendall

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Arthur Murphy

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Audrey J. Schoenike

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Austin D. Moody

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Barbara S. Carra

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Bernadette B. Silver

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Bernadette represents clients in a range of litigation matters. She is experienced in the development of case strategy and other preparations for mediation, arbitration and trial.

Brendaliz Minaya Ruiz

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Brett N. Tishler

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Brett approaches cases from all angles to find creative and effective methods of resolution. He examines each case with the expectation it will go to trial and is therefore always fully prepared.

Brian E. Tetro

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Brian practices exclusively in the area of insurance subrogation. He represents major property and casualty insurers on a regional and national basis.

Brian T. Gelnett

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Brian provides clients with comprehensive analysis, reliable recommendations and sound advice enabling them to make informed decisions with confidence. He focuses on workers' compensation subrogation.

Bridget La Rosa

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Bridget is a seasoned trust and estate lawyer, working with clients to develop creative solutions to their problems, while also anticipating their needs and focusing on both their short and long term goals.

Bruce W. MacLennan

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Caitlin Fitz-Maurice

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Carl Seldin Koerner

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Carl's ability to express even the most complex legal issues in a clear, concise, business context enables clients to effectively evaluate risk and make informed business decisions.

Carson Easterling

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Charles Eppolito, III

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Christian J. Singewald

Job Titles:
  • Partner
As a litigator and trial lawyer, Chris works with clients to resolve lawsuits in the most practical means possible, whether through aggressive litigation, mediation, negotiation, arbitration, and/or trial.

Christopher F. Graham

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Christopher Konzelmann

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Chris has been handling subrogation matters for over 30 years. He is heavily involved in the industry and has a particular focus on fire-related matters.

Christopher M. Quinlan

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Christopher P. Leise - Chief Legal Officer

Job Titles:
  • Senior Counsel
Chris works with regional and national brokerage firms defending professional liability claims and handling disputes with insurance companies throughout the mid-Atlantic region, as well as with commercial insurance carriers defending allegations of bad faith.

CoraAnn M. Foley

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Craig H. O'Neill

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Craig's extensive litigation experience helps him to examine and understand issues from various vantage points.

Dale F Roeck II

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Daniel E. Bryer

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Daniel J. Ferhat

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Daniel J. Friedman

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Daniel J. O'Brien

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Danielle Corbisiero

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Daryll Hawthorne-Bernardo

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Daryll's diverse legal and scientific knowledge base has allowed her to develop problem-solving skills which provide clients with a unique approach to novel issues.

David B. Chaffin

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Clients rely on David's more than 35 years of complex litigation experience, including extensive first-chair trial and arbitration experience.

David D. Gilliss

Job Titles:
  • Partner

David E. Edwards

Job Titles:
  • Associate

David H. Marion - Chief Legal Officer

Job Titles:
  • Senior Counsel

David J. Creagan

Job Titles:
  • Partner
David works collaboratively with clients to understand their business objectives and advance their interests through effective and nuanced legal approaches.

David R. Zaslow

Job Titles:
  • Partner
David's dual background in law and medicine, as an active paramedic for more than 30 years, gives him the unique ability to provide critical insight and analysis into the liability, causation and damages issues.

David S. Huberman

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Debbie Rodman Sandler

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Debbie takes a practical approach to solving employment problems for her clients, whether they are start-ups, small businesses or multinational corporations.

Debra A. Weinrich

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Debbie draws on her clinical nursing experience to provide unique perspective and understanding in the defense of clients facing complex medical malpractice claims.

Dirk C. Haarhoff

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Edward A. Jaeger

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Ed has concentrated his practice in Subrogation since 1992. He has litigated numerous complex commercial and residential property losses involving fire, structural collapse, water, transit and maritime claims.

Edward M. Koch

Job Titles:
  • Partner
The breadth of Ed's practice allows him to counsel clients and lawyers alike in cases involving multidisciplinary substantive and procedural areas of the law. He is often called on to assist with high-profile and high-exposure cases.

Elizabeth L. Ferguson

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Emily C Solinski

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Eric A. Sauter

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Eric B. Hermanson

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Eric G. Korphage

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Esteban Monge-Morera

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Farzana Yeager

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Frank A. Bruno

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Frank is a technology lawyer who focuses on patent law. He has considerable experience in electrical and computer technologies and is adept at viewing industry advances and analyzing implications for clients and the law.

Frank J. Perch, III

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Frank has a wide range of experience as a business litigator and legal advisor. He is skilled in insightfully analyzing complex coverage issues and counseling insurer clients on effectively handling challenging claims both in and out of litigation.

Gabriel E. Darwick

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Gary P. Biehn - Chief Legal Officer

Job Titles:
  • Senior Counsel

Gayle A. Lamptey

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Geovanny M. Mora

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Gianna Martorano

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Gregory T. LoCasale

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Gus Sara

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Gus has successfully resolved hundreds of large property loss claims. He strives to achieve the most favorable results for his clients, whether through litigation, mediation or arbitration.

Heidi J. Sorvino

Job Titles:
  • Partner
With decades of experience in finance and bankruptcy law, clients rely on Heidi not only as a legal counselor, but as a business advisor. She commits to understanding clients' unique needs and develops creative strategies in the best interest of their business objectives.

Ilaria Maggioni

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Clients rely on Ilaria for the drafting and negotiation of contracts, licenses, supply and distribution agreements, talent sponsorship and web endorsement agreements, and other agreements with IP components.

J. Benjamin Staherski

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Ben practices exclusively in the field of large loss property subrogation. He has investigated, pursued and litigated numerous catastrophic property damage cases throughout the country.

J. Christopher Erb

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

James C. Vandermark

Job Titles:
  • Partner
James advises clients facing financial challenges with an eye toward their unique needs. He collaborates with various stakeholders to preserve business relationships, minimize disruption and move quickly toward a workable solution.

James D. Burger

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Jim has over fifteen years of experience defending companies in high exposure and excess liability cases. This type of high-stakes experience is invaluable to clients, big or small, no matter the stage of litigation.

James P. Anelli

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Jim has more than 35 years of experience handling a wide range of labor and employment matters.

Jeffrey S. Stewart

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Jeff is a labor and employment lawyer who prioritizes getting to know the unique aspects of his clients' businesses to best apply the law to their particular circumstances.

Joel P. Williams

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

John G. Loughnane

Job Titles:
  • Partner

John S. Anooshian

Job Titles:
  • Partner
John has been handling insurance-related cases across the country for over 25 years. His cutting-edge practice on coverage disputes involves Superfund site matters and LTE claims. He also handles first-party property cases defending insurance agents and brokers.

John T. Hinton, III

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Jonah Sho Levinson

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Joseph M. Carr

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Joseph M. Kuffler

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Joshua Gajer

Job Titles:
  • Partner
As a former criminal prosecutor, Josh understands how important an early and thorough investigation is to the favorable resolution of any matter, no matter how big or small.

Julia Castanzo

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Justin E. Proper

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Justin handles all of his cases with the same passion and energy and believes that success in litigation happens before you ever walk into the courtroom. He has a proven track record of handling cases successfully having arbitrated and tried hundreds of cases.

Katherine McBeth

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Katherine Q. Dempsey

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Kelly Phillips Erb

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Kevin C. Cottone

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Clients appreciate Kevin's preparation, professionalism and common sense approach to sometimes stressful, high-profile cases.

Kevin P. McGilloway

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Kristen Nichols Wright

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Kyle Rice

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Kyle focuses on representing clients in complex commercial and residential property damage cases, where he brings a comprehensive analytical approach to each individual claim.

Laura E. Hutchinson

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Laura H. Corvo

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Laura has extensive knowledge of federal, state and local employment laws and counsels employers on a host of personnel and human resource issues.

Laura Rossi

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Laura advises corporate clients and insurance carriers on a variety of issues and represents them in complex commercial litigation and coverage disputes.

Lawrence J. Bistany

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Lian Skaf

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Lian works with clients to investigate the facts of a loss and develop a strategy for recovery, often from the day of a loss through completion. He has taken several cases through trial and has successfully mediated numerous others.

Lindsay Liebman

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Louis G. Rubino

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Lynndon K. Groff

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Lynndon assists clients on a wide range of litigation and pre-suit coverage matters, focusing on cases involving environmental pollution and long-term exposure to hazardous substances, bodily injury, and property damage.

Manny Marcos

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Marc Penchansky

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Marc has a varied practice with a focus on insurance coverage and related litigation, class actions, insurance broker and agent liability, medical malpractice and appeals. As an appellate attorney, he assists trial teams with complex motion practice, evidentiary issues and litigation strategy.

Marcia D. Richards

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Marcia has successfully resolved numerous property loss cases through litigation, mediation and arbitration.

Margaret C. MacDonald

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Mariam A. Hashmi

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Mark L. Parisi

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Mr. Parisi has over 40 years of experience in litigation involving construction projects with a 25-year history in construction defect litigation. He has represented builders, developers, general contractors, subcontractors, construction managers, architects, and engineers as well as building owners as defendants, and also as plaintiffs. He also has represented insurance companies in construction defect litigation as coverage counsel and as oversight counsel for complex matters all over the country. He consults with several regional builders and contractors for claim troubleshooting and claim management and drafts both form and custom contracts for construction projects.

Mark Nakahara

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Mark Paladino

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Mark believes that proactive and thorough investigation is critical to assess a claim and posture its defense. This approach maximizes the ability to analyze risk and chart a course for resolution, whether by mediation, arbitration or trial.

Marlena K. Ellis

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Mary Corallo - CMO

Job Titles:
  • Director of Marketing

MaryRose Hennessy

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Matthew I. Ferrie

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Matthew J. Prutting

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Matthew M. LaMonaca

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Megan R. Rounds

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Melissa Kenney

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Melissa focuses her practice on pursuing subrogation and recovery in large residential and commercial property losses nationwide.

Meredith A. Bieber

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Michael Ingrassia

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Michael J. Ciamaichelo

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Michael L. DeBona

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Michael O. Kassak

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Mike is regularly called on for his extensive jury and appellate experience. He routinely advises on cutting-edge insurance matters and high profile disputes.

Michael W. Horner

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Mike has extensive experience litigating, mediating and arbitrating complex catastrophic cases throughout multiple jurisdictions.

Michelle D. Coburn

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Michelle's approach toward litigation is early assessment and aggressive representation. Early case assessment and strategizing allows her to collaborate with clients on the best course of action for each matter.

Morgan Goldstein

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Morgan Liptak

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Morgan S. Birch

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Morgan represents clients in commercial litigation matters and complex business disputes. An experienced advocate, she has handled a broad range of matters in federal and state court.

N. Michael Abed

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Michael offers his subrogation clients a unique and comprehensive perspective of litigation from his experience with both the defense and prosecutions of various claims.

Nancy Conrad

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Nancy develops and advances a litigation position and strategy based on the client's designated resources and ultimate goal. She utilizes effective, value-based litigation practices that are tailored to a client's business operations and work environment.

Nancy Sabol Frantz

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Nancy is known for her ability to provide risk analysis and practical solutions to highly complex issues.

Natalie Molz

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Nicole A. Sullivan

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Nicole represents national and international clients in litigation, mediation and arbitration of complex commercial and business disputes.

Olivia H. Rojas

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Olivia is an associate in the Corporate and Securities and International groups. She focuses her practice on corporate and transactional matters, including entity formations and governance strategy, mergers and acquisitions, and investments.

Patricia B. Santelle

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Patti is recognized by her clients and peers as a leading attorney in the field of complex insurance coverage, having devoted more than 30 years to the representation of insurance company clients. She is also a leader in the legal and business community, having served as the first female chair of a major law firm in Philadelphia and devoting her time and support to a number of business, community, law school and pro bono/volunteer initiatives in the region.

Patrick A. Haggerty

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Paul A. Briganti

Job Titles:
  • Partner
International and domestic insurance companies seek out Paul for his sensible and creative approach to handling litigation, ADR or settlement negotiations.

Po Fu Cheng

Job Titles:
  • Associate
Po Fu's background in the architectural industry allows him to understand complex engineering issues and communicate effectively with experts from all fields, ensuring maximum prospect of recovery.

R. Victoria Fuller

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Rafael Vergara

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Rafael's knowledge in trial court and appellate court matters benefits clients from the commencement of an action through an appeal.

Ralph E. Arpajian

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Ralph's experience encompasses a broad spectrum of transactions, concentrating on the representation of lenders and borrowers/owners in a variety of financing transactions.

Randy J. Maniloff

Job Titles:
  • Partner
One Chambers USA source described Randy as having "an encyclopedic knowledge of insurance coverage." His book, "General Liability Insurance Coverage - Key Issues in Every State" (5th edition) has been referenced as the insurance coverage "bible."

Rebecca R. Foley

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Richard A. Sawin

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Richard E. Bennett

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Robert Drummond

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Robert F. Walsh

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Clients value Bob's responsiveness and ability to provide successful and cost-effective representation that focuses on both the case at hand and the client's broader strategic concerns.

Robert G. Devine

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Bob has more than 30 years of experience and is called on by major excess carriers to try some of their most difficult and largest exposure matters.

Robert Kline

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Robert M. Caplan

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Robert T. Pindulic

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Bob has numerous published decisions in the area of bad faith and extracontractual damages in New Jersey and New York which have been instrumental in setting and maintaining a favorable standard for insurers with respect to bad faith litigation.

Robert Wright

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Bob has been a trial lawyer for more than 30 years and has extensive jury trial experience in the areas of disability law, insurance coverage, medical malpractice, insurance fraud and general litigation.

Rochelle Gumapac

Job Titles:
  • Partner
  • Elected President of the Defense Counsel of Delaware
Clients come to Rochelle when they are in a tough position and need a staunch ally. Her experience in all levels of the judicial system and multi-discipline practice provides clients the benefit and comfort of having one attorney represent them in multiple matters that may arise.

Ron L. Pingitore

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Ron's legal career has focused on subrogation and every loss receives the benefit of his training, education and experience.

Russell P. Lieberman

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Russ defends doctors, physicians assistants, nurses and hospitals against professional liability claims.

Ryan A. Bennett

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Ryan T. Warden

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Sandra L. Niemotka

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Sandy is known for aggressively defending Pennsylvania and New Jersey cases in workers' compensation litigation. She presents the best possible defense, finding creative ways to push back against questionable claims, whether in litigation or not.

Sarabeth Gaver

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Clients see Sarabeth as a deal-closer who keeps surprises out of their legal business. She is adept at issue-spotting and understanding the implications on her client's position and, more importantly, finding solutions to those issues.

Scott H. Casher

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Scott is a skilled litigator, with a reputation for intelligence, experience and toughness.

Sean Elman

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Shane R. Heskin

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Simone Charles

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Siobhain Minarovich

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Siobhan K. Cole

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Siobhan relies on exceptional creative persuasion and problem-solving skills to effectively advocate for her clients and negotiate on their behalf. Her experience arguing commercial matters is vast, including before the United States Supreme Court and on issues of constitutionality.

Steven Coury

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Steven E. Ostrow

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Steve's approach is to develop deal-specific, cost-effective strategies to help clients achieve their goals in the commercial real estate market and the debtor-creditor arena.

Stuart J. Wells

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Susan J. Zingone

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Tanya A. Salgado

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Tanya defends businesses and non-profits in federal and state court in cases and provides guidance on a wide range of matters related to employment law, education law and commercial litigation.

Therese M. Woods

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Thomas A. Rueter

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Thomas B. Fiddler

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Tom works tirelessly to advocate for his clients, utilizing the trial, litigation and negotiation skills that he has honed over a career devoted to resolving business disputes.

Thomas E. Butler

Job Titles:
  • Partner

Thomas J. Infurna

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Tom has extensive experience representing financial institutions. Clients rely on his knowledge of market standards and industry developments to negotiate and close complex commercial loan transactions.

Thomas M. Pinney

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Having represented clients on both sides of a transaction at origination and in enforcement, Tom has faced matters and situations that many of his peers have not, providing him uncommon perspective and non-replicable experience.

Timothy E. Davis

Tim has over 25 years of experience representing investment funds, insurance companies and banks in a wide array of real estate finance transactions.

Timothy J. Keough

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Timothy Keough is a no-nonsense counselor and aggressive litigator focused on practical and cost-efficient strategies to prevent and resolve disputes for his clients.

Timothy S. Martin

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Tim believes that a successful litigation strategy begins with understanding his clients' business and the motivation behind the opposing parties' arguments.

Travis Powers

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Victor J. Zarrilli

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Victor has extensive experience litigating commercial and catastrophic loss matters involving economic damages and personal injury damage often with potential exposure in the millions of dollars

Victoria M. Ranieri

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Vincent N. Barbera

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Vince is a vigorous advocate for his clients with extensive litigation, arbitration and trial experience. Clients look to Vince for business-minded solutions to disputes involving restrictive covenants, intellectual property, contracts and business torts.

Volodymyr Basok

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Warren J. Kauffman

Job Titles:
  • Counsel

Wesley R. Payne, IV

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Wes has substantial courtroom experience, trying a number of high exposure cases in various jurisdictions to jury verdict and through appeal in state and federal courts

William D. Kennedy

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Bill defends a wide range of clients including health care providers, medical professionals, senior care providers, manufacturers, real estate developers, supply chain companies, and restaurants against complex claims of injury and damage.

William Dunlop - Chief Legal Officer

Job Titles:
  • Senior Counsel

William J. Schmidt

Job Titles:
  • Partner
Bill's prior experience defending insurers lends a unique perspective to his representation of subrogation clients. Over the last 40 years, he has tried subrogation cases to verdict in more than a dozen jurisdictions.

William J. Taylor

Job Titles:
  • Partner
With over 30 years of experience Bill focuses on surety and fidelity law, construction claims litigation, contract drafting, project administration, and insurance and commercial litigation.

William L. Doerler

Job Titles:
  • Counsel
Bill partners with insurers and self-insured clients to investigate losses and develop cost-effective recovery strategies.

Yusuf Yilmaz

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Zachariah Sigda

Job Titles:
  • Associate

Zachery B. Roth

Job Titles:
  • Counsel