CCA - Key Persons
My research examines early modern English poetry and drama in the context of post-Reformation church history. I have working projects on religious nationalism and discrimination in Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus and Othello, John Milton's indebtedness in Paradise Lost to Paul's writings on religious mystery as a key way to realize religious "truth" in a faith community, and Edmund Spenser's ambivalence towards religious iconoclasm. I also work on the influence that music theory and media
Alanna Beroiza is an Assistant Teaching Professor in the Writing Program at Rutgers. She holds a Ph.D. in English from Rice University. Her work draws on film and media studies, gender and sexuality studies, and psychoanalysis to examine how visual and aural media construct models for gender and sex in twentieth- and twenty-first century medical and popular discourses. Her publications include, "How Pictures Make Bodies and Bodies Make Pictures: Gender as a Scopic System in Annie Leibovitz's Photographs
Alexander Bigman is a historian of modern and contemporary art. His research focuses in particular upon the emergence, circa 1980, of postmodernism as an internationally circulating set of intertwined discourses, creative practices, and political positions. He is currently at work on a book project derived from his dissertation, "Picturing Fascism in Post-Conceptual Art, 1974 - 1984," which examines how the history and aesthetics of interwar European fascism became newly salient objects of inquiry and representation for artists associated with the so-called "Pictures Generation," a group defined by its use of imagery drawn from popular culture and its critical engagement with the dynamics of mass media. For artists who were born after World War II and established their careers at a moment marked by rightward political shift, such taboo imagery became a provocative, if often problematic, means of addressing such matters as the representability of history, the nature of cultural memory and its role in group identity formation, and the political ramifications of embracing figuration, photomechanical or otherwise, following the predominantly abstract paradigms of postwar modernism. Alex is also a practicing critic. He received his PhD from the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University, and his BA from the University of California at Berkeley.
Alize Arican an anthropologist of urban life, politics of time, futurity, migration, racialization, and care. Her current book project, Figuring It Out: The Politics of Future and Care, asserts care as a set of temporal practices that can reconfigure urban politics through an engaged ethnography of Istanbul's Tarlabaşı neighborhood. Her second project, Transience and Blackness, critically investigates the notion of "transit migration" by focusing on the urban futures that West African communities create in Istanbul. Her work has appeared in Current Anthropology, City & Society, Radical Housing Journal, and entanglements. Her writing received awards from the Middle East Section of the American Anthropological Association, Middle East Studies Association, and the American Ethnological Society. She holds a PhD in Anthropology from the University of Illinois at Chicago and a BA in Political Science and International Relations from Boğaziçi University. https://www.alizearican.com/
Andrew Moisey received his Ph.D. in 2014 from U.C. Berkeley in Film and Media Studies. He is an Assistant Professor of Art History and Visual Studies at Cornell University. A photographer and a historian of photography, Andrew's research investigates how photography became an art that deals with philosophical problems. His current book project, The Photographic World Picture, shows how four artists--one early modern and three contemporary--took pictures that reflected prevalent philosophical views of their time. It describes how Newtonian mechanics shaped Canaletto's cityscapes, how structuralism favored Bernd and Hilla Bechers' industrial typologies, and how Andreas Gursky's large-scale digital photographs describe globalization. Each development needed photography's "subjective" point of view on the ground to seem like an "objective" view of the world at large. https://arthistory.cornell.edu/andrew-moisey
Job Titles:
- Architect
- Instructor
- Member of the Executive Committee
Anita Bakshi is an Instructor in the Department of Landscape Architecture at Rutgers University, where she teaches courses on Housing and Open Space Design, Visualization, and Research Methods. She is also an affiliated lecturer for the Cultural Heritage and Preservation Studies (CHAPS) Program, teaching courses on Heritage and Planning in Divided Cities and Cultural Heritage and Community Organizing. She has a Master of Architecture degree from the University of California - Berkeley. Following several years in architectural practice in Chicago, California and the Foster+Partners Istanbul field office, she received her Ph.D. in the History and Theory of Architecture from Cambridge University. Her Ph.D. research with the Conflict in Cities Research Programme focused on space and memory in divided cities.
Her research has focused on questions of mapping and representation for contested environments, and she has exhibited maps and drawings that document ethnographic research in partnership with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). She engages in design research that explores new forms for monuments, memorials, and other commemorative structures. Current research investigates the role of landscape architecture and design in the Anthropocene era through a design proposal for a memorial that marks and describes environmental losses and enables collective mourning and healing. Recent publications include "Urban Form and Memory Discourses in Contested Cities" in the Journal of Urban Design (2014), and "Trade and Exchange in Nicosia's Common Realm" in 'Post Ottoman Coexistence: Sharing Space in the Shadow of Conflict' (2016).
Anita Bakshi is an architect with a particular interest in the relationship between memory and the material world, conflict and divided cities, and commemorative structures and practices. Following several years in architectural practice, Anita received her PhD in the History and Theory of Architecture from Cambridge University, where she was a member of the Conflict in Cities and the Contested State research groups. After her year as a CCA Postdoctoral Fellow, Anita stayed at Rutgers. She teaches in the Department of Landscape Architecture, offering courses on Housing and Open Space Design, Visualization, and Research Methods. She is also an affiliated lecturer for the Cultural Heritage and Preservation Studies (CHAPS) Program, teaching courses on Heritage and Planning in Divided Cities and Cultural Heritage and Community Organizing. Her research focuses on questions of mapping and representation for contested environments. Her book Topographies of Memory: A New Poetics of Commemoration, appeared in 2017 from Palgrave. She leads the Society & Design Lab Working Group at the CCA. https://anita-bakshi.squarespace.com
Atıf Akın is an artist and designer and Associate Professor of Visual Arts at Rutgers, State University of New Jersey. He lives and works in New York. His work examines science, nature, mobility, and politics. Through a series of activities made up of research, documentation and design, Akın's work considers transdisciplinary issues, through a technoscientific lens, in aesthetic and political contexts.
Avram Alpert (2014-2016) received his PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of Pennsylvania in 2013. After spending two years as a Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow at Rutgers, Avi has won fellowships from Fulbright Commission of Brazil, the Whitney Museum's Independent Study Program, and the Sauve Foundation at McGill University. Avi is currently a lecturer in the Writing Program at Princeton University. With Rit Premnath, he is co-editor of Shifter Magazine. With Meleko Mokgosi and Anthea Behm, he is co-founder of the Interdisciplinary Art and Theory Program at Jack Shainman Gallery. And with Danny Snelson and Mashinka Firunts, he is a member of the academic-artist collective, Research Service. Avi's first book, Global Origins of the Modern Self, from Montaigne to Suzuki was published with SUNY Press in 2019. A second book, Spectral Illuminations: A Literary History of Global Buddhism is under review. And a third book, Against Greatness: The Case for the Good-Enough Life is under contract with Princeton University Press. http://www.avramalpert.com
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Specialist in 19th
Brad Evans is a specialist in 19th and 20th century American literature. He is the author of two books, Before Cultures: The Ethnographic Imagination in American Literature (2005) and Ephemeral Bibelots: How an International Fad Buried American Modernism (2019). He co-produced the restoration of In the Land of the Head Hunters, a 1914 silent feature film directed by the photographer Edward Curtis and starring an all-indigenous cast from the Kwakwaka'wakw community of British Columbia, Canada. The film is now listed in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. He has for many years led the Pragmatism Working Group at the Rutgers Center for Cultural Analysis. His new project is tentatively titled Missed Connections: "Relational Aesthetics" from Henry James to Felix Gonzales Torres. It considers the various ways that artists since the 1850s have taken up the remarkably difficult challenge of representing relations.
Job Titles:
- Assistant Professor of Sociology and Faculty Affiliate of the Program
Brittany Friedman is an Assistant Professor of Sociology and Faculty Affiliate of the Program in Criminal Justice and the Center for Security, Race, and Rights at Rutgers University. She holds a PhD in Sociology from Northwestern University and researches race and prison order, penal policy, and the intersections between institutions and monetary sanctions in the criminal justice system. Her first book, Born in Blood: Death Work, White Power, and the Rise of the Black Guerilla Family (forthcoming,
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Caitlin Petre studies the social processes behind the digital datasets and algorithms that increasingly govern the contemporary world. Using qualitative research methods such as ethnographic observation and in-depth interviewing, she maps the complex relationships between digital analytics, the social actors who create them, and the established experts who make use of them.
Petre's book, All the News That's Fit to Click (published September 2021 from Princeton University Press), is a
Petre's book, All the News That's Fit to Click (published September 2021 from Princeton University Press), is a behind-the-scenes look at how performance analytics are transforming the work of journalism. Petre's scholarly work has been published in Social Media & Society, the American Journal of Sociology, Social Forces, Sociologica, and Digital Journalism. She has been featured or quoted in popular publications such as the New York Times, WIRED, Study Hall, Columbia Journalism Review, and the Atlantic. She holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from New York University, is currently a faculty affiliate at the Center for Information, Technology, and Public Life at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and was previously a postdoctoral fellow at the Information Society Project at Yale Law School.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Carla Cevasco is a scholar of food, the body, material culture, gender, and race in early America. Her first book,Violent Appetites: Hunger in the Early Northeast, forthcoming from Yale University Press in 2022, explores how Indigenous peoples and colonial invaders confronted hunger in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. She is working on a second book about feeding infants and children in early America. She is Co-Director of the New Jersey Folk Festival. She received a Ph.D. in American Studies and an A.M. in American History from Harvard University, and a B.A. in English and American Literatures from Middlebury College.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Quiyana Butler
Job Titles:
- Director
- Professor of English at Rutgers University
Colin Jager is Professor of English at Rutgers University - New Brunswick. Professor Jager writes and teaches about romantic literature, politics, and culture, about secularism and religion, and about cognitive science. He is the author of articles on all of these topics, published most recently in Qui Parle, ELH, Studies in Romanticism, Pedagogy, Romantic Circles Praxis, and Public Culture. From 2006-2008 he was co-leader of the "Mind and Culture" seminar at the CCA; for 2013-2014 he was co-leader of the "Objects and Environments" seminar at the CCA. He is the author of two books: The Book of God: Secularization and Design in the Romantic Era (2007), and Unquiet Things: Secularism in the Romantic Age (2015). The first studies the ubiquitous presence of the argument from design in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, arguing that its cultural and aesthetic importance undermines the familiar equation of modernization with secularization. The second emphasizes secularism rather than religion as its primary analytic category, and proposes that romantic-era literary writing possesses a distinctive ability to register the discontents that characterize the mood of secular modernity. Professor Jager is now turning his attention to the political possibilities of romanticism, in particular to the connection between cognition, on the one hand, and the environment, on the other.
Job Titles:
- Assistant Professor of Film and Screen Studies at Pace University
Colin Williamson (PhD, University of Chicago) is an Assistant Professor of American Studies and Cinema Studies at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. He also serves on the Executive Committee of Domitor, the International Society for the Study of Early Cinema, and as a Reviews Editor for animation: an interdisciplinary journal (ANM). His research focuses on early film history, media archaeology, animation, and science and the cinema. Colin is the author of Hidden in Plain Sight: An Archaeology of
Colin Williamson is an Assistant Professor of Film and Screen Studies at Pace University. He received his PhD in Cinema and Media Studies from the University of Chicago and was a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Harvard University. His research focuses primarily on aesthetics and visual education in the proto- and early-cinema periods. He is the author of Hidden in Plain Sight: An Archaeology of Magic and the Cinema (Rutgers University Press, 2015) and has published articles in Animation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Leonardo, and The Moving Image. Areas of Interest: Nineteenth-century visual culture, proto-cinema, American film history, animation, the history of science and technology, film aesthetics, and visual education.
Job Titles:
- Assistant Professor of Portuguese at Rutgers University
Daniel da Silva is Assistant Professor of Portuguese at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, with a Ph.D. in Latin American and Iberian Cultures from Columbia University. Born and raised in Newark, New Jersey's Ironbound neighborhood, Silva's work centers queer performance and subjectivities in Luso-Afro-Brazilian cultures. He has published "Unbearable Fadistas: António Variações and Fado as Queer Praxis" (Journal of Lusophone Studies 2018), and "Black Mothers and Black Boats: Queer, Indigenous and
Daniel Villegas-Vélez received his PhD in Historical Musicology from the University of Pennsylvania in 2016. He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Husserl Archives at KU Leuven in Belgium, a position he took up after his year at the CCA. Daniel's work bridges continental philosophy, sound studies, musicology, and decolonial thought through a reconsideration of mimesis as performance. Addressing the aesthetic politics of sonorous performance and musical thought, his research focuses on the role of mimesis in seventeenth-century theories of the affections and contemporary affect theory; baroque political theology and critiques of sovereignty; and the role of decoloniality in Latin-American aesthetics of barroco and neobarroco. Daniel is working on a manuscript entitled Orpheus' Dorsal Turn: Mimetology and Myth in Early Opera, and accompanying articles that argue for a new way of understanding musical aesthetics, where musical performance is a mimetic practice that produces and inscribes sociopolitical values, while participating of the creation of distinctions between magic and science, nature and culture, Europe and its others.
Darryl Wilkinson received a Ph.D. in Anthropology from Columbia. After his year at the CCA, he held a Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and was also a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow at the University of Cambridge. He is now an Assistant Professor of Religion at Dartmouth. He studies the indigenous religious traditions of the Americas, focusing on two main areas: 1) the ancient Andes and 2) the colonial Southwestern United States. His work critically explores the concept of "animism," particularly as a category for framing the metaphysical commitments of indigenous peoples across the globe. He is currently completing a book manuscript on the Inka Empire, which examines how power is realized in an ancient state where mountains and rocks were treated as sentient, living actors. Wilkinson's primary methodological training is in archaeology, and is therefore grounded in the study of material and visual culture, especially the analysis of iconography, landscapes and ceramic artifacts.
Job Titles:
- Director of Graduate Studies at Rutgers University
David Kurnick is an Associate Professor of English and the Director of Graduate Studies at Rutgers University. His research and teaching focus on the history of the novel, narrative theory, sociology and literature, and sexuality and gender. He is the author of Empty Houses: Theatrical Failure and the Novel (2012). The book examines the theatrical ambitions of major novelists (William Makepeace Thackeray, George Eliot, Henry James, James Joyce, and James Baldwin) better known for their
Derek Baron received their PhD in Historical Musicology in 2023 from the Department of Music at New York University's Graduate School of the Arts and Sciences. Their dissertation, "The Geopolitics of Voice: Sound, Music, and Language in Early American Settler Colonialism," explores the role that vocal and sonic imaginaries played in the construction of United States settler-colonial law, science, racial ideology, and institutional complexes from the colonial period to the turn of the twentieth century. Their work engages a number of different disciplines and discourses, including music and sound studies, American studies, settler-colonial studies, and history of science. Derek has also been a Fellow at the Center for Black, Brown, and Queer Studies as a part of the Boarding School History Project. They are also a composer and since 2016 have operated the experimental record label Reading Group.
Job Titles:
- Assistant Professor of Higher Education
Dr. Nichole Margarita Garcia is an Assistant Professor of Higher Education in the Graduate School of Education at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. As a Chicana/Puerto Rican her research focuses on the intersections race, feminism, and Latinx/a/o communities in higher education She is a recipient of the Andrew W. Mellon dissertation fellowship which she completed a comparative study on Chicana/o and Puerto Rican college-educated families to advance narratives of intergenerational achievement
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Emmanuel Aprilakis is a PhD candidate in Classics at Rutgers University. His dissertation, "The Figure of the Koryphaios in Ancient Drama," explores all aspects of the chorus leader on the ancient stage, including their selection, appearance, role, function, and performance. He is interested in the soundscapes of ancient plays and particularly the ability of the choral voice to break the fourth wall and to give agency to typically marginalized groups. In addition to close reading of dramatic texts,
Job Titles:
- Associate Professor of Art History at Texas State University
Erina Duganne is Associate Professor of Art History at Texas State University. Her research and teaching focus on intersections between aesthetic experiences and activist practices as well as race and representation. Recent publications include Global Photography: A Critical History and Cold War Camera (forthcoming). Her co-curated exhibition, Art for the Future: Artists Call and Central American Solidarities, opens at the Tufts University Art Galleries in January 2022.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Quiyana Butler
Professor Evie Shockley is the author of Renegade Poetics: Black Aesthetics and Formal Innovation in African American Poetry (U Iowa P, 2011) and six collections of poetry, most recently suddenly we (Wesleyan UP, 2023). Among her earlier books, the new black (Wesleyan UP, 2011) received the 2012 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award; semiautomatic (Wesleyan UP, 2017) received the same award in 2018, and was also a finalist that year for the LA Times Book Review Prize and the Pulitzer Prize.
Francesca Giannetti is the Digital Humanities Librarian at Rutgers University-New Brunswick, and subject liaison to the departments of Classics, French, and Italian, and the program in Comparative Literature. In her research, she pursues topics at the intersection of information studies, digital humanities, and music. Working with a musicologist, a music librarian, and a digital humanities project developer, Giannetti is developing a digital research environment called Music Scholarship Online
The founder of the CCA, George Levine is the Kenneth Burke Professor Emeritus of English Literature at Rutgers University. During his career, he published many books on Victorian literature, literary realism, science, and secularism: The Boundaries of Fiction (1968), The Realistic Imagination (1981), Darwin and the Novelists (1988), Lifebirds (1997), Dying to Know (2002), Darwin Loves You: Natural Selection and the Re-enchantment of the World (2006), How to Read the Victorian Novel (2007), Realism, Ethics, and Secularism (2008) and Darwin The Writer (2011). He has received numerous awards, including prestigious fellowships from the NEH, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Guggenheim Foundation.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Job Titles:
- Assistant Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University
Hana Shepherd is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University. She received her Ph.D. from Princeton University in 2011. She specializes in the study of culture, networks, and organizations. She uses diverse methods, including network analysis, lab and field-based experiments, interviews, and archival research to study social processes, especially social influence. She has designed instruments to build several datasets, both quantitative and qualitative, to study organizations and
Heather Steffen is a scholar of 20th- and 21st-century U.S. literature and culture whose research investigates how concepts of labor, learning, and public service are produced through the interplay between rhetorical practices and material conditions in American universities. Her book project, Useful Work: Imagining Academic Labor in the American University, examines how professors, teacher-scholars, and para-academics theorize academic labor in critical and narrative writing. The book
Job Titles:
- Associate Vice Chancellor for Research in the Humanities and Arts
- Professor
Henry S. Turner is Associate Vice Chancellor for Research in the Humanities and Arts and Professor of English at Rutgers University - New Brunswick, where he has taught since 2007. He specializes in Renaissance literature and intellectual history, especially drama, philosophy, and the history of science. He is the author of The English Renaissance Stage: Geometry, Poetics, and the Practical Spatial Arts, 1580-1630 (Oxford, 2006), Shakespeare's Double Helix (Continuum/Bloomsbury, 2008), and The Corporate Commonwealth: Pluralism and Political Fictions in England, 1516-1651 (Chicago, 2016). . His articles, essays, reviews, and interviews have appeared in Annals of Science, Configurations, differences, ELH, Isis, JEMCS, Nano, postmedieval, Public Books, Renaissance Drama, Renaissance Quarterly, Shakespeare Quarterly, Shakespeare Studies, South Central Review, and The Spenser Review, as well as in a wide range of edited collections. With Mary Thomas Crane (Boston College), he co-edits the "Penn Series in Literature and Science" (University of Pennsylvania Press).
Professor Turner's work has been supported by fellowships from the National Endowment of the Humanities, the National Humanities Center, and by a Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies for residence at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Assistant Professor of English at Rutgers University - New Brunswick
Imani D. Owens is an assistant professor of English at Rutgers University-New Brunswick. Her interests include African American and Caribbean literature, music, and performance. Her research has been supported by a Woodrow Wilson Career Enhancement Fellowship and an NEH funded residency at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Her work has appeared in the Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Inquiry, Caribbean Literature in Transition, the Journal of Haitian Studies, MELUS, and small axe salon. She is completing a book manuscript entitled Turn the World Upside Down: Folk Culture, Imperialism, and U.S.-Caribbean Literature, which charts the connection between literary form and anti-imperialist politics in Caribbean and African American writing.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
I am an historian of maritime environments, food, and island geographies in the late medieval and early modern Atlantic world. My main research has been on the sixteenth-century fisheries at Newfoundland, but I am more broadly interested in the earliest years of European expansion into the Atlantic basin during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. I received my PhD from the History Department of the University of Pittsburgh in 2018. In addition, I hold an M.A. in history from McGill
Jake Silver is a cultural anthropologist who works with Palestinian astronomers, city planners, GIS experts, and activists to study the contemporary dimensions and volumes of Israel's occupation. His work shakes our understandings of the sky as a stable environmental object and instead approaches how politics and political conflicts bring it into being, creating multiple skies that we each experience differently. In so doing, he hopes to offer new frameworks for grasping colonial settlement that best address its reaches and contours (sometimes far above our heads) today.
Jasmine Samara received a PhD in Anthropology from Harvard University in 2018 and has a J.D. from Columbia Law School. After her year at CCA, Jasmine is now a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for European and Mediterranean Studies at NYU. She is a legal scholar and social anthropologist whose work explores debates on law, rights and identity politics in contemporary Europe. Her research and teaching focus on law and religion, the governance of minorities, gender, and the anthropology of human rights. Her work also explores how citizens invoke, contest, or try to evade the legal regulation of minority identity as they navigate shifting lines of belonging and exclusion in the era of Greek economic crisis.
Jeanette Samyn received her PhD in English from Indiana University. As an academic researcher, Jeanette's teaching and research interests span British literature, theory, and the environmental and medical humanities, with a focus on environmental theory and nineteenth-century (especially Victorian) literature and science. Jeanette is a doula serving birthing persons and their families in New York City.
Job Titles:
- Associate Professor in the Department of the History of Art
- History of Art, Yale University
Bio: Jennifer Raab is an associate professor in the Department of the History of Art at Yale University and a faculty affiliate of the Program in the History of Science and Medicine. Her first book, Frederic Church: The Art and Science of Detail (Yale University Press, 2015), examined the aesthetics of detail that fundamentally shaped nineteenth-century American landscape painting and that was inseparable from scientific discourses of the time. More broadly, it asked: What is a detail? What does it mean to see a work of art "in detail"? Her next book, Relics of War, under contract with Princeton University Press, examines the many lives of a single photograph taken just after the American Civil War. Recently, she co-authored a book and exhibition, Picturesque and Sublime: Thomas Cole's Trans-Atlantic Inheritance (Yale University Press, 2018) and contributed the lead essay to East of the Mississippi: Nineteenth-Century Landscape Photography (National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 2017). She has written on topics from history painting and the aesthetics of mapping, to the gendering of ornament in portraits of and by indigenous men, to alchemy in contemporary sculpture. Her work has appeared in Art Bulletin, Art History, American Art, and Journal of American Studies and has been supported by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Wyeth Foundation, and the Terra Foundation for American Art, among others. At Yale, she is one of the founding members of the Environmental Humanities Program.
Jeremy DeAngelo received his PhD in Medieval Studies in 2013 from the University of Connecticut. After his year at the CCA, he was a visiting professor at Carleton College. He is currently an adjunct professor of English at North Central University. His research interests include, among other subjects, Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Irish literature, and the interactions between them. In 2018, Jeremy published Outlawry, Liminality, and Sanctity in the Literature of the Early Medieval North Atlantic (Amsterdam University Press
Job Titles:
- Historian of Latin America
Jessica Mack is a historian of Latin America specializing in 20th-century Mexico, higher education history, and digital public history. Her current book project examines the campus construction for the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in mid-century Mexico City. Following her fellowship at the CCA during the 2019-2020 seminar The University and its Public Worlds, she was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University. She is now an Assistant Professor of Digital History at Rowan University. She holds a B.A. in History from Wesleyan University and a Ph.D. in History from Princeton University.
Jocelyn Rodal received her Ph.D. in English from U.C. Berkeley in 2016, where she earned the Benjamin and Barbara Kurtz Dissertation Prize and served as the Jeffrey Berg Fellow at the Townsend Center for the Humanities. After her appointment as a postdoctoral associate at Rutgers University's Center for Cultural Analysis, she was a postdoctoral fellow at Penn State's Center for Humanities and Information. She is currently an Assistant Professor of English at Princeton University, where she is at work on a book manuscript titled Modernism's Mathematics: From Form to Formalism. The book examines the shared intellectual history of literary and mathematical modernism: a common attempt to rethink foundational axioms, a common ambivalence toward growing abstraction, and a common interest in and anxiety about form. Examining authors such as T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Ezra Pound, and Virginia Woolf, the book traces how modernist math stood at the origin of modernist form-form that, in turn, engendered formalism in literary studies.
Julian Wong-Nelson is a fourth year Ph.D. candidate in the Rutgers-New Brunswick Art History programme. Their research interests include Asian-diasporic performance and video, queer & trans* theory, and cinema studies.
Job Titles:
- History of Art, University of Pennsylvania
Bio: Kaja Silverman is the author of nine books: The Miracle of Analogy, or The History of Photography, Part 1 (2015); Flesh of My Flesh (2009); James Coleman (2002); World Spectators (2000); Speaking About Godard (with Harun Farocki, 1998); The Threshold of the Visible World (1996); Male Subjectivity at the Margins (1992); The Acoustic Mirror: The Female Voice in Psychoanalysis and Cinema (1988); and The Subject of Semiotics (1983). Silverman's most recent book, The Miracle of Analogy, which was published by Stanford University Press in March, 2015, is the first installment in a three-volume reconceptualization of photography. Since this book is primarily concerned with photography as the agency through which the world reveals itself to us, it focuses on images in whose formation the photographer played only a nominal role: on the pre-optical camera obscura's image-stream, and photographs made during the first three decades of chemical photography. And although Silverman discusses works by a number of contemporary photographers, they are all close in spirit to the photographs of the nineteenth century photographers who figure most prominently in Miracle: William Henry Fox Talbot, Anna Atkins, and Julia Margaret Cameron. The second volume,The Three-Personed Picture, is about the gradual emergence of a very different kind of image: one that is pictorial in nature. It is shaped both by the subjective intelligence of the photographer, and the objective intelligence of the world. It is also a "three-personed picture"-one requiring a sitter and a beholder, as well as an author. Through it, the saving power of photography finally became not just ontological, but socio-ontological. The final volume in this trilogy, The Promise of Social Happiness, is focused on the re-emergence of pictorial photography in the second half of the twentieth century and the first decades of the twenty-first, through two closely-related forms: photo-painting, and large-format photography. Before joining the History of Art Department at Penn, Silverman taught for many years at Berkeley. She wrote Speaking About Godard-itself a book about couples-during this period with Harun Farocki, her life partner from 1992-1999. They also collaborated in many other ways during their years together, including co-teaching four seminars at the University of California, Berkeley. Earlier in her career, she taught at the University of Rochester, Brown University, Simon Fraser University, Trinity College, and Yale University. Shortly after arriving at Penn, Silverman was awarded a Distinguished Achievement Award by the Mellon Foundation, which has provided the motivation and the funding for a wide range of events: academic lectures, public conversations with artists and curators, artist residencies, and two major conferences, the first in conjunction with an exhibition at the ICA, and the second in conjunction with an exhibition at the PMA. It also allowed her to curate an exhibition of Knut Åsdam's work that included a commissioned piece, to co-curate a Victor Burgin exhibition with Homay King, and, most recently, to curate a solo show of Carrie Schneider's work, all in collaboration with Aaron Levy and the Slought Foundation.
is a sociologist studying coastal climate adaptation, biodiversity, and other policies on land and water. This includes understanding who wins and who loses under different policies. Karen has written or co-edited books on the U.S. program for river flood control and the growth of government power (Rivers by Design, Duke University Press), on race and Hurricane Katrina (Katrina's Imprint, Rutgers University Press), and the book Taking Chances, on changes in institutions in
Job Titles:
- Professor of Anthropology at CUNY 's Queens College
Job Titles:
- Assistant Professor in English at Rutgers University
Kristin Grogan is an Assistant Professor in English at Rutgers University. Her research and teaching focus on modern and contemporary poetry and poetics, labor history and theory, and gender and sexuality. She is finishing her first book, an account of the dynamic relationship between poetry and labor of various kinds-artisanal, mechanical, clerical, and reproductive work-with chapters on Langston Hughes, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, and Lorine Niedecker. She is beginning a new project on
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Instructor in the History Department at Rutgers University
Kristin O'Brassill-Kulfan is an Instructor in the History Department at Rutgers University, where she directs the Public History Program. She holds a PhD in History from the University of Leicester and an MA in Modern History from Queens University Belfast, and researches poverty, labor, mobility, crime and punishment in the early American northeast, as well as public historical and commemorative representations of these subjects. Kristin is the author of Vagrants and Vagabonds: Poverty and
Kristin O'Brassill-Kulfan is a public historian and scholar of early American social history. She coordinates the History Department's Public History Program, including the Certificate in Public History and Public History Internship, and is also an Associate Graduate Faculty Member in the Cultural Heritage and Preservation Studies Program. She holds a PhD in History from the University of Leicester and an MA in Modern History from Queens University Belfast, and researches poverty, labor,...
Krysta Herrera is a PhD candidate in the department of Spanish and Portuguese. Prior to Rutgers, she also holds a MM from the Manhattan School of Music, where she studied bassoon performance. Her dissertation, "Contrapuntos nacionales: Sound and Alternative National Imaginaries of the River Plate Region," explores the role of music and sound in performances that reject unifying hegemonic identity discourses in the River Plate region (Argentina and Uruguay). In particular, she is interested in
Job Titles:
- Professor of Art History at Rutgers University
is Professor of Art History at Rutgers University. She specializes in Northern European art of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. She received her B.A. from Swarthmore College and her Ph.D. from Northwestern University. Professor Weigert has taught at the University of Nantes and the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées and was Associate Professor of Art History and Humanities at Reed College before joining the Rutgers faculty in September, 2006. Her scholarship addresses the
Job Titles:
- Acting Director
- Member of the Executive Committee
Leah Price is a Henry Rutgers Distinguished Scholar. Her books include What We Talk About When We Talk About Books (Basic Books, 2019, Ukrainian translation 2020, PBK Christian Gauss Award); How to Do Things with Books in Victorian Britain (Princeton UP, 2012; Patten Prize, Channing Prize, honorable mention for James Russell Lowell Prize) and The Anthology and the Rise of the Novel (Cambridge UP, 2000). I also edited Further Reading (with Matthew Rubery, Oxford UP 2020), Unpacking my Library: Writers and their Books (Yale UP, 2011); Literary Secretaries/Secretarial Culture (with Pamela Thurschwell); and (with Seth Lerer) a cluster of essays of PMLA on The History of the Book and the Idea of Literature.
She writes for the New York Times Book Review, London Review of Books, Times Literary Supplement, New York Review of Books, San Francisco Chronicle, Boston Globe and Public Books (where she is also a section editor). Her research on the history of reading has been profiled in The New Yorker, The Economist, New York Times Book Review and the New York Times, and she contributed the nineteenth-century module to Harvard's online course on the history of the book.
Mark Aakhus investigates the relationship between communication and design, especially the uses of technological and organizational design, to augment human interaction and reasoning for decision-making and conflict-management. He uses multiple methods from discourse analysis and computational social science to examine language, argumentation, and social interaction in professional practice, organizational processes, and information infrastructures. The aim in these streams of research is to
Matthew Baxter received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley in 2013. After his year at the CCA, Matthew accepted a fellowship at Harvard University's Mahindra Humanities Center, then joined the faculty at Ashoka University in July 2018 after two years as a visiting scholar at Cornell University's South Asia Program (2016-2018).
Matthew Libassi is a researcher and educator interested in the relationships between people, nature, and power. His work focuses on natural resource use, conflict, and governance, as well as more broadly on uneven human experiences of environmental change. Matt's current project analyzes the politics of gold mining in Indonesia. He examines how contemporary modes of resource extraction have been historically produced and how they are experienced, engaged with, and contested by neighboring communities. In particular, he is interested in the growth of small-scale, unlicensed mining and the ways its participants are resisting or demanding incorporation into formal resource policies. Matt holds a PhD in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management from UC Berkeley and a BA in International Studies from Vassar College.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Associate Professor of English at Rutgers
Maurice Wallace is associate professor of English at Rutgers. His fields of expertise include African American literature and cultural studies, nineteenth-century American literature, the history and representation of American slavery, and gender studies. He is the author of Constructing the Black Masculine: Identity and Ideality in African American Men's Literature and Culture, 1775-1995, a book on the history of black manhood in African American letters and culture, and is co-editor with Shawn Michelle Smith of a volume of scholarly articles on early photography and African American identity entitled Pictures and Progress: Early Photography and the Making of African-American Identity. His King's Vibrato: Blackness, Modernism and the Sonic Life of Martin Luther King Jr. is recently published on Duke Univ. Press. Professor Wallace has served on the editorial boards for American Literature and Yale Journal of Criticism and is a contributing editor to James Baldwin Review. His current research and writing agendas include a monograph on the religious life and leanings of Frederick Douglass. Professor Wallace also teaches in areas of visual culture and sound studies.
Meredith Bak (PhD, University of California, Santa Barbara) is an Assistant Professor of Childhood Studies at Rutgers University-Camden. Her research and teaching interests focus on children's film, media, visual, and material cultures from the nineteenth century to the present. She is the author of Playful Visions: Optical Toys and the Emergence of Children's Media Culture (MIT Press, 2020), which explores the role of pre-cinematic visual media from optical toys to early pop-up books in
Job Titles:
- Associate Professor of English
Meredith L. McGill is an Associate Professor of English. She is the author of American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting, 1837-1853 (2003) and the editor of two collections of essays: The Traffic in Poems: Nineteenth-Century Poetry and Transatlantic Exchange (2008) and Taking Liberties with the Author (2013). Her overview of the last thirty-five years of scholarship on book history and intellectual property can be found in Book History, Volume 16 (2013). Her research and teaching interests include nineteenth-century American literature, the history of the book in American culture, American poetry and poetics, law and literature, literary theory, and media history.
Michael Warner was the Board of Governor's Professor of English at Rutgers University. He specializes in early American literature and print culture, queer theory, new media, and secularism. He is the author of The Letters of the Republic (1990), The Trouble with Normal (1999), and Publics and Counterpublics (2002), and he has edited and co-edited numerous books, including Fear of a Queer Planet (1993), The English Literatures of America: 1500-1800 (1997), and Varieties of Secularism in a Secular Age (2010). The recipient of numerous awards and prizes, Professor Warner is currently the Seymour H. Knox Professor of English and American Studies at Yale University.
Michelle Smiley is a scholar of 19 th-century photography and visual culture whose research investigates the intersection of aesthetics and scientific practice in the antebellum United States. Her current book project, Daguerreian Democracy: Art, Science, and Politics in Antebellum American Photography, examines how the daguerreotype became an object of technological, scientific, and commercial innovation for antebellum scientists, artisans, and political thinkers. By chronicling the contributions of these often-overlooked actors, she explores how the daguerreotype was an object of transatlantic scientific experimentation, a key component of government projects of nation-building, as well as an object of fascination for theorists of democracy. Before coming to Rutgers, Michelle held the Wyeth Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts in Washington, D.C. She holds an A. B., M.A. and Ph.D. in History of Art from Bryn Mawr College.
Milan Reynolds is a doctoral candidate in Comparative Literature at Rutgers University. He is researching magnetic tape's influence on music, literature, and social movements in the latter half of the twentieth century, attending to the ways it is both used and imagined. Drawing together sources from Italian, Spanish, and English language contexts, he traces the shifting materiality of sound and symbolic investments in listening. His dissertation explores how the mediations between tape and
Miranda Lichtenstein is an artist who works in photography and video. Her work has been widely exhibited at institutions including, the Guggenheim Museum, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Francisco; the Renaissance Society, Chicago, Stadhaus Ulm, Germany and the New Museum of Contemporary Art, NY. Solo exhibitions of her work have been held at venues such as the UCLA Hammer Museum, Los Angeles; the Whitney Museum of American Art at Philip Morris,
Bio: Nancy Davenport's work has been exhibited at a variety of venues including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NY, the Liverpool Biennial, the Istanbul Biennial, the Sao Paulo Biennial, the International Center of Photography in NY and the National Gallery of Canada. Her photographs have appeared in numerous publications including Artforum, October Magazine, Frieze Magazine, The New York Times, BLIND SPOT and "Vitamin Ph: New Perspectives in Photography" (Phaidon Press). She has been the recipient of several awards including the Rome Prize, the Mellon Foundation Humanities+Urbanism+Design (H+U+D) research award and the Warhol Foundation Art Writers Grant. Her recent book entitled "RENOVATION" was published by Cabinet Books, NY.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Nancy Yousef specializes in literature and philosophy of the Romantic era. Her research and teaching are centered in British and European Romanticism, but also extend to eighteenth century sources and forward into the later nineteenth-century. She is especially interested in the intersections between philosophical writing and literary form, and in the relations among aesthetics, ethics, and representation of the emotions. She is the author of three books: Isolated Cases (Cornell UP, 2004), Romantic Intimacy (Stanford UP, 2013; winner of the Barricelli Prize), and The Aesthetic Commonplace (Oxford UP, 2022). The first addresses the conceptual contradictions and psychic longings and anxieties associated with shifting ideas of autonomy in Enlightenment philosophy and Romantic literature. The second book explores the shifting relationship between ethics and aesthetics as eighteenth-century theories of sympathy give way to accounts of elusive and non-reciprocal forms of emotional proximity. Her most recent book is a study of the commonplace as region of overlooked value in the work of the Romantic poet (William Wordsworth), the realist novelist (George Eliot), and the modern philosopher (Ludwig Wittgenstein) who are best known for their commitment to the ordinary as resource for reflection on language, thought, feeling, and social attunement. Professor Yousef's essays on Rousseau, Wollstonecraft, Wordsworth, Mary Shelley, and Dickens have appeared in venues including ELH, MLQ, European Romantic Review and the Journal of the History of Ideas and she has been the recipient of fellowships from the Newcombe Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the National Humanities Center.
Job Titles:
- Distinguished Professor of Music at Mason Gross School
Nancy Yunhwa Rao is a Distinguished Professor of Music at Mason Gross School of the Arts, Rutgers University. She is a music theorist and historian specializing in the analysis of American ultra-modernist musical works, the transpacific history of American music, and contemporary composers of East Asian heritage. Previously, she taught at Oberlin College and has held visiting professorships at the Curtis Institute of Music, Shanghai Conservatory of Music, Princeton University, and Bard
Nicholas Glastonbury received his Ph.D. in Cultural Anthropology in 2023 from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. His dissertation, "Audible Futures: Scenes of Sonic Encounter in Cold War Kurdistan, 1923-2023," traces the cultural, political, and economic itineraries of sonic media in Kurdistan, from Soviet Kurdish radio broadcasting and pirated cassettes to private archives, DJ booths, and streaming platforms. Drawing on theories and methods from anthropology, history, ethnomusicology, and comparative literature, his work examines how encounters with sonic media animate shifting concepts of history, tradition, futurity, and belonging. Nicholas is also a translator of Turkish and Kurdish literature and a co-editor of the e-zine Jadaliyya.
Job Titles:
- Media, Culture, and Communication, New York University
- Professor of Media
Bio: Nicholas Mirzoeff is Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University. He is a visual activist, working at the intersection of politics, race and global/visual culture. In 2020-21 he is ACLS/Mellon Scholar and Society fellow in residence at the Magnum Foundation, New York.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Quiyana Butler
Job Titles:
- Assistant Professor of South Asian Literatures at Rutgers University
Preetha Mani is Assistant Professor of South Asian Literatures at Rutgers University. Her research focuses on how representations of the Indian woman are used to shape ideas of regional and national identity, and experiences of belonging, in the aftermath of Indian Independence. She is currently completing a book manuscript, which chronicles the emergence of the short story as a preeminent genre in twentieth century Hindi and Tamil literature. The book proposes a view of Indian literature as a
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Rachel Miller is a labor and cultural historian of the nineteenth-century with a particular focus on the development of the global entertainment industry. She is currently working on a book project adapted from her dissertation, "Capital Entertainment: Stage Work and the Origins of the U.S. Creative Economy, 1843 - 1912," which analyzes the transformation of commercial performance from a small-scale artisanal or folk practice into a staple product of global, export-oriented capitalism. Despite the glossy sheen of stardom that shapes our understanding of stage work, most performers were contingent staffers whose efforts-as the first pastime to become big business-generated exponential profits. Far from a niche interest or obscure curiosity, common understandings of stage work naturalized capitalism's demands on all workers, even as it introduced prescient questions about talent, creativity, and individuality that persist today. Rachel's other research projects include the global reach of Americana, the legal history of the blackface minstrel show, and the theory and practice of historic house museums. She received a PhD in American Culture at the University of Michigan, and her work has been published in scholarly journals, edited collections, and popular outlets.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Professor Novacich specializes in medieval literature. Her research interests include poetry and poetics, drama and performance cultures, gender studies, archival theory, visual culture, fiction, and travel literature. She has essays on these subjects in an array of journals, including Exemplaria, New Medieval Literatures, JEGP, postmedieval, and Philological Quarterly. Her first book, Shaping the Archive in Late Medieval England: History, Poetry, and Performance (Cambridge UP) examines how
Sara Sanchez-Zweig is a doctoral candidate in the English department working on theater and performance studies. Her dissertation, "Magic Acts: How Stage Magic Performs the Self," argues that stage magic and performance ritual model spectatorial relationships that disavow the porosity of representational knowledge: how we know the self and the other. Her interest in the voice is rooted in her research on Spiritualist trance-lectures and notions of presence and mediation.
Sarah DeMott (2015-2016) earned her PhD in International Education at New York University. Her dissertation, Mediterranean Intersections: A History of the Sicilian Community in Tunisia, 1830-2015, explores regional reconfigurations of political and social subjectivities through remappping colonial cartographies of mobility, the historiography of European continentalism, and the sea as actor and archive. She has received awards from the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) and the American Institute for Maghreb Studies (AIMS). She is currently a Research Librarian at Harvard University, specializing in Middle East Studies.
Job Titles:
- History of Art, African and African American Studies, Harvard University
Bio: History of Art, African and African American Studies, Harvard University Sarah Elizabeth Lewis is an associate professor at Harvard University in the Department of History of Art and Architecture and the Department of African and African American Studies. She is the founder of the Vision and Justice Project. Lewis has published essays on race, contemporary art, and culture, with forthcoming publications including a book on race, whiteness, and photography (Harvard University Press, 2022), Vision and Justice (Random House), and an anthology on the work of Carrie Mae Weems (MIT Press, 2021). Her recent article for Art Journal focuses on the groundwork of contemporary arts in the context of Stand Your Ground Laws (Winter 2020). In 2019, she became the inaugural recipient of the Freedom Scholar Award, presented by The Association for the Study of African American Life and History to honor Lewis for her body of work and its "direct positive impact on the life of African-Americans."
Job Titles:
- Associate Professor of English at Rutgers University
Stacy S. Klein is an associate professor of English at Rutgers University, where she teaches courses on early English literature, poetry, gender, and sexuality. She is the author of Ruling Women: Queenship and Gender in Anglo-Saxon Literature (University of Notre Dame Press, 2006), and is currently completing a monograph entitled The Militancy of Gender and the Making of Sexual Difference in Early English Literature, ca. 700-1100 AD. Klein has published numerous articles on Old English
Thomas Leppard received his PhD in Archeology from Brown University in 2013. Since his year at the CCA, he has been a Renfrew Fellow in Archeology at the University of Cambridge. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Florida State University. Thomas studies the transition from non-hierarchical to hierarchical human communities, the pathways along which this transition was achieved, and variability in forms of Holocene social organization. His research addresses the (somewhat counter-intuitive) emergence of social complexity in environments which might be expected to discourage such emergence.
Job Titles:
- Associate Professor of Classics at Rutgers University
Timothy Power is an associate professor of Classics at Rutgers University. His research has focused largely on matters relating to the lyric poetry and drama of early Greece, in particular their music, performance, and social and religious contexts. His 2010 book, The Culture of Kitharôidia (Center for Hellenic Studies/HUP), is a study of the popular Greco-Roman musical genre of lyre-singing from the age of Homer through the reign of the emperor Nero. In more recent work, he has also examined the
Tobias Schulze-Cleven is Associate Professor of Labor Studies and Employment Relations at the Rutgers School of Management and Labor Relations (SMLR), and the Director of SMLR's Center for Global Work and Employment. Interested in the role of collective action for sustaining social protection and economic performance, he studies the contemporary politics of labor market and higher education reforms in the rich democracies. A recipient of the John T. Dunlop award for research of international
Todd Carmody is a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow at the Newberry Library Library. He received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in 2010. Aside from the CCA, he has held appointments at Harvard University, UC Berkeley, the Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, the Freie Universität Berlin, and Hamilton College. Todd's research and teaching spans nineteenth- and twentieth-century American literature and culture, with a focus on African American literature and critical theory. My research interests include the sociology of literature and culture, disability studies and the medical humanities, the environmental humanities, transnational American studies, documentary poetics, media studies. Todd's first book, Work Requirements: Race, Disability, and Reform, is forthcoming from Duke University Press.
Dr. Ramenzoni is an environmental anthropologist specializing in human behavioral ecology, coastal communities, and marine and coastal policies. She is an Assistant Professor in Marine Policy at the Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University. Through a mixed methods approach, she studies how socio-ecological factors shape human adaptation, the historical ecology of fishing societies, the impact of environmental uncertainty on decisions about resource use, and household nutrition in
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Job Titles:
- Distinguished Professor of English at Rutgers
William Galperin is Distinguished Professor of English at Rutgers, where he specializes in the literature and culture of the British Romantic period. He is the author of Revision and Authority in Wordsworth (1989), The Return of the Visible in British Romanticism (Johns Hopkins, 1993), and The Historical Austen (2002). His new book, The History of Missed Opportunities: British Romanticism and the Emergence of the Everyday, was published by Stanford University Press in 2017. He is the recipient of the Rutgers University Board of Trustees Award for Excellence in Research, as well as of awards from the ACLS, the NEH, and the Howard Foundation.
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Quiyana Butler
Job Titles:
- Member of the Executive Committee
- Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology
Zeynep Devrim Gürsel is a media anthropologist and Associate Professor in the department of Anthropology at Rutgers University. Her scholarship involves both the analysis and production of documentary images. She is the author of Image Brokers: Visualizing World News in the Age of Digital Circulation (University of California Press, 2016), an ethnography of the international photojournalism industry. She has published on images of the War on Terror, medical portraits, Xrays and crowdshots. For more than a decade she has been researching photography as a tool of governmentality in the late Ottoman period. Specifically she is investigating photography during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid (1876-1909) to understand emerging forms of the state and the changing contours of Ottoman subjecthood.