ACTION RESEARCH

Stephen Kemmis (1983) wrote that Action research is a form of self-reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in social (including educational) situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of (a) their own social or educational practices, (b) their understanding of these practices, and (c) the situations in which the practices are carried out. It is most rationally empowering when undertaken by participants collaboratively, though it is often undertaken by individuals, and sometimes in cooperation with ‘outsiders'. In education, action research has been employed in school-based curriculum development, professional development, school improvement programs, and systems planning and policy development... It is important to clarify the intention among Action Research, Classroom Research, and Classroom Action Research. Some people say that an action research is only conducted in educational practices and some say that it is conducted in social domain. Actually, this phrase..