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Related article: than in scientific fields where postulated effects are small, such as genetic risk factors for multigenetic diseases (relative risks 1.1-1.5) [[52]7]. Modern epidemiology is increasingly obliged to target smaller effect sizes [[53]16]. Consequently, the proportion of true research findings is expected to decrease. In the same line of thinking, if the true effect sizes are very small in a scientific field, this field is likely to be plagued by almost ubiquitous false positive claims. For example, if the majority of true genetic or nutritional determinants of complex diseases confer relative risks less than 1.05, genetic or nutritional epidemiology would be largely utopian endeavors. Corollary 3: The greater the number and the lesser the selection of tested relationships in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true. As shown above, the post-study probability that a finding is true (PPV) depends a lot on the pre-study Atenolol 50 Mg Price..