Structure and function of photosystem II: In higher plant Photosystem II, the PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ proteins provide critical support for oxygen evolution at physiological calcium and chloride concentrations. We collaborate with Terry Bricker to examine the structure of these components when bound to Photosystem II. This interdisciplinary project combines protein crosslinking, radiolytic footprinting coupled with high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, and molecular modeling to provide structural and functional information regarding the organization of the higher plant photosystem... Annotation of small proteins: A growing body of evidence shows that gene products encoded by short open reading frames play key roles in numerous cellular processes. Yet, they are generally overlooked in genome assembly, escaping annotation because small protein-coding genes are difficult to predict computationally. There are still a considerable number of small proteins whose functions are yet to be..