PINE MOUNTAIN SETTLEMENT - Key Persons

Job Titles:

• Editor, Third Edition of Dictionary of English Synonyms & Synonymous Expressions Designed As a Guide to Apt and Varied Diction by Richard Soule. Boston

Sheffield, Alfred Dwight, revising editor, third edition of Dictionary of English Synonyms & Synonymous Expressions Designed as a Guide to Apt and Varied Diction by Richard Soule. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1938. Print.

Job Titles:

• Advisor to Morris

Arthur Swift, an advisor to Morris in graduate school received the following letter recommending Morris for the Pine Mountain Position. Max Nelson, the Head Worker at Union Settlement House in NY, provided one of the most crucial "hands-on" recommendations.

Job Titles:

• Staff Interim Director
• Teacher & Principal ( 1932 - 1949 ), Interim Director ( 1942 )

Arthur W. Dodd, Jr., was born on January 9, 1908. During World War II years, he enrolled in the V-12 Program for Navy Officers at Berea (Kentucky) College, a program that was designed to supplement the force of commissioned officers in the United States Navy and Marine Corps. He left that program before completing it and attended Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, for a short time. Arthur Dodd was a consummate musician. He played the organ and piano and was frequently called upon to play for events, give concerts, and instruct students in music. 002_21 Georgia and Arthur Dodd on their wedding day at Chapel, 1940. [burkhard_peo_001-21.jpg] Arthur Dodd with children, Margaret and Elizabeth Dodd, in front of Laurel House apartment where they lived. [X_100_workers_2656_mod.jpg] Arthur Dodd, Arthur W. Dodd, Jr., Pine Mountain Settlement School ; directors ; principals ; education ; progressive education ; music ; photography ; film ; Georgia Ayers ; Chapel ; Glyn Morris ; Big Log ; West Wind ; William Webb ; Evarts High School ; Columbia University ; Ganado Mission ; Presbyterian Church ; Berea (KY) College ; Burton Rogers ; Pine Mountain, KY ; Harlan County, KY ; Berea, KY ; Evarts, KY ; New York, NY ; Gallup, NM ; Johnson City, TN ; Notes from the Pine Mountain Settlement School ; Mountain Life & Work ;

Job Titles:

• Editor of the Berea Alumnus, "Lights in the Mountains" ( No Date ) Described Pine Mountain Settlement School under Paul Hayes' Leadership As Follows

Job Titles:

• Director
• Chairman in Big Log Living Room. [X 100 Workers 2598a Mod.Jpg]
• Director of the Pine Mountain Settlement School
• Teacher, Director 1942 - 1973

Mary Rogers. [pmss_photo_MaryRogers_DB.jpg] Mary Rogers was the wife of Burton Brush Rogers, director of the Pine Mountain Settlement School from 1949 to 1973. Much loved and respected as a couple by their many friends and associates, each left a distinctive and significant imprint on the School. (left to right) Burton Rogers, Mary Rogers, Elihu Afton Garrison. [pmss_archives_mr & mrs rogers_DB photo] Burton Rogers, teacher, principal, and director, had one the longest tenures of any staff at Pine Mountain Settlement School from 1942 to 1973. As director, 1949- 973, he was the longest occupant of that office in the history of the School. In his role as director he helped to shepherd the School through some of its most complex changes and re-positioning efforts, assisting the institution and staff as it moved from a residential boarding school to a community school and through the closure altogether of the public education program on the school grounds. With his wife, Mary Blagden Rogers, he built a new direction for the School in the Environmental Education programs and multiple community outreach initiatives. Throughout the eras, the surrounding community on the North side of Pine Mountain was always at the center of his attention. Burton Brush Rogers was born May 3, 1909, on a farm in Sherman, Connecticut. In 1930, he received an undergraduate degree in American History from the Yale College of Yale University in New Haven, CT. Upon graduation, he went to China for eight years as a member of the staff of the Yale-in-China program, where he taught in the English as a Second Language program at the Yali Union Middle School in Changsha. He left China in 1934 to study for his master's degree in education at Yale University. He completed one year at Yale and the remaining three terms at the University of London in England. After graduation, Burton returned to China and provided four additional years of instruction at Yali Union Middle School. [See NOTES below] Burton met Mary Blagden during his time in London, and when he returned to China, he continued to write to Mary. In the summer of 1940 he traveled to India where Mary was an instructor at a school in Murhu, India, near Ranchi, where they were married. Mary and Burton then returned to China where they both taught for another year before the political climate became too hostile and the Chinese Civil War too dangerous to continue working there. Burton, Mary, and Christopher Rogers[at edge of Swimming Pool. [nace_1_032a.jpg] Boy's House. Interior view of staff seated in front of fireplace. [Dorothy Nace] with the bride's bouquet. [T.C. Liu and Burton Rogers to either side.] [nace_1_068b.jpg] Burton Rogers, Christopher Rogers and Mary Rogers c. 1944. [X_100_workers_2594_mod] A table of Burton Rogers' Director files held at Pine Mountain. Contains records largely from 1941 until 1973, when Burton stepped down from the position of Director. The files and correspondence with the Board of Trustees are particularly rich with history, Biographical details and descriptions of the educational programs at the School, talks and other important documents remain to be processed. Files are still in processing and many are not available to the public at this time. Burton Rogers ; Burton Brush Rogers ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; education ; directors ; principals ; public education ; Mary Rogers ; environmental education ; community outreach ; Yale College ; Yale University ; Yale-in-China program ; English as a Second Language ; Lali Union Middle School ; University of London ; Chinese Civil War ; Yale Divinity School ; American Friends Service Committee ; Lexington Friends Meeting ; Pine Mountain, KY ; Sherman, CT ; New Haven, CT ; Changsha, China ; London, England ; Lexington, KY ; Edward V. Gulick ; Dr. Fritz Eitel ; Old Log ;

Carol Deschamps near her mother May Ritchie Deschamps (out of picture) [X_099_workers_2520c_mod.jpg] Carol Deschamps, daughter of Leon and May Deschamps. X_099_workers_2501a_mod.jpg

Job Titles:

• DAR Member

Pine Mountain School records indicate that Celia returned to teach upper grades at the School from 1918 to 1919 while her husband was overseas during World War I. She also worked hard to raise funds needed for a road that would connect Pine Mountain school to the railroad. According to William Holton, The lasting contribution which Mother made to Pine Mountain was that of raising funds to build a road over the mountain which would end the isolation of the little school. She went by train to a number of cities where she solicited wealthy individuals for contributions. She carried a 25-caliber pearl-handled automatic pistol for protection. According to Pine Mountain records, she and one other woman raised about $50,000. The road was started in the early 1920s but was not actually completed for over 10 years. And by our standards today, it was only a cleared path which could be negotiated by horse-drawn wagons. The path can still be seen. In 1917, an article about Celia Cathcart's fundraising for the road was printed, along with her picture, in Highway Magazine, titled "Wills, Ways and Women: Building the Pine Mountain Road" by B.G.M. The author referred to Celia as "one of those people who just take delight in doing things that folks say can't be done" and named Celia as the "Missionary Extraordinary for the Pine Mountain Road." The article described her fundraising strategy and skill: The Pine Mountain Settlement School wants a road over the mountain, and Miss Celia Cathcart is at work proving to people of Kentucky and the whole region that it must and shall be built. It will be six miles long and the County Road Engineer has calculated its cost at $60,000. Since it is an inter-county seat road, half of the expense will be borne by the State; $5,000 will be donated by Harlan County, and the remaining $25,000 is Miss Cathcart's little stint. At the rate she is going, it will not take a great while either. People go to road meetings, where she is to speak, in a spirit of indifference or criticism and return filled with a crusader's zeal for the mountain road. The talks that she gives them certainly have the punch. Enthusiasm finds vent not only in applause and cheers but in the bestowal of good hard-earned dollars and supplies of every kind that can be of assistance to the enterprise. Also in 1917, The Road-Maker magazine published Celia's article, "Where the Trail Now Ends," an "earnest appeal" for donations for "the paved way" and the Pine Mountain Settlement School. The editors of the magazine joined in her call for help by offering to provide contact information to readers who requested it. Celia Cathcart Holton, a DAR member, gave a talk at the meeting of the London, Ohio, chapter of the DAR, titled "At the End of the Trail," about the lives and possibilities of the Southern mountain people.

Conrads, David. "Mary Rockwell Hook." Missouri Magazine. 20 (Fall 1993): 28-33. Print. The nomination of nine of Hook's homes for the National Register of Historic Places and local landmarks of the Kansas City Landmarks Commission are covered by Conrads. The Landmarks Commission which prepared the nomination describes her "[a]s a woman and a practicing architect … a pioneer, opening a path for other women to follow and thus making a significant contribution to the history of American Architecture."

Job Titles:

• Coordinator of the Square Dance History Project

Job Titles:

• General Practitioner
• Lady Doctor in Labrador

"Billy" was Alfreda's faithful companion during her seven years at the Big Laurel Medical Settlement. Alfreda Bosworth Withington was born in 1861. In the early 1900s, it took a woman of great courage, persistence, resourcefulness, and tact to become a medical doctor. And a very intrepid and experienced doctor to qualify for an advertisement posted in a medical journal by the founders of the new Pine Mountain Settlement School. Such a person was Dr. Alfreda Bosworth Withington, who, at the end of her long career, worked for seven years at one of the two Medical Settlements established by Katherine Pettit and Ethel de Long Zande, founders of Pine Mountain Settlement School. In her memoir, Mine Eyes Have Seen (1941), Dr. Withington wrote that the goal of her parents was to provide her and her two brothers, George and James, with a good education. Her father (James Withington II), a principal of an academy in Hallowell, Maine, and later in Germantown, Pennsylvania, saw to it that the children grew up in a household full of books. Her mother, (nee Alfreda Bosworth), who missed her own chance to have an advanced education, influenced Alfreda to attend college. She also taught Alfreda "self-reliance and enterprise" and built in her "a steadying belief that obstacles could be overcome by will and perseverance," attributes that enabled Alfreda to withstand the many adversities she faced throughout her career. DR. ALFREDA WITHINGTON: Her Education After attending the Hicksite Quaker School in Germantown, Pennsylvania, Alfreda was admitted in 1877 to the school that her brother George had attended, Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. There she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1881. Alfreda had already lost a sister and then her father in 1877 to tuberculosis, when her beloved older brother and mentor, George, contracted the disease. The helplessness she felt as she cared for him before he died led to her decision to study medicine. After postgraduate science studies at Cornell, Alfreda matriculated in 1883 from the Women's Medical College of the New York Infirmary, a small school founded by two women, Drs. Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell. [Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman physician in the United States, began her interest in medicine while living in Asheville, NC, and went on to found the Women's Medical College of New York, one of two colleges in the East that provided high-quality medical education for women.] After graduation, Withington interned at the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, which, she wrote, When Alfreda, now Dr. Withington, returned home to the United States, she turned down offers of teaching positions in order to start her own practice. Her supervising doctor recommended that she move to an eastern town with a high altitude that would help her manage the "slight trouble" in one of her lungs. By 1891, she had selected Pittsfield in the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts. She thrived as a general practitioner in this small town, enjoying friendships with both colleagues and townspeople. Although by this time she had 15 years of surgical experience, she felt that her choice to serve as a general practitioner was the right one, stating, In 1906, Dr. Withington was in need of a restorative vacation and volunteered that summer as the first female doctor to work with Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell, who founded the Mission of the Deep Sea Fisherman and established several hospitals and medical centers in Labrador. She was assigned to care for the "fisherfolk" of Blanc Sablon in Quebec, and later at Indian Harbor, Labrador. According to Dr. Grenfell, writing in the introduction to her biography, Mine Eyes Have Seen, "The Lady Doctor came, worked and conquered…." He knew that she was someone special on his staff. That was not always the case. Dr. Withington had to fight most of her life to have her gifts recognized by her fellow travelers, especially men. Grenfell recognized her talents. Back in Pittsfield, MA she joined with other doctors to establish a tuberculosis hospital and later helped form the Berkshire Chapter of the newly incorporated American National Red Cross. Dr. Alfreda Withington died on October 1, 1951, was buried in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

Job Titles:

• Head of the Hsiang Ya Hospital

Job Titles:

• Physician

Gladys Ranson Hill was the daughter of Dr. Julius Wesley Hill, a physician, and Nellie (Regenstein) Hill, who assisted in her husband's private practice as a secretary. Miss Hill was born in approximately 1906 in West Virginia, her father's home state. A year later her younger sister, Lucille Hill, was born. Her brother, Don W., was born in 1914. Her siblings, like her mother, were all born in Kentucky. As of 1920, the family was living in Sardis (Mason County), Kentucky, and by the time of Miss Hill's move to PMSS in 1929, they were living in Richmond, Kentucky. Gladys Hill (far left) at staff meeting in Director H.R.S Benjamin's home (Zande House), late 1940s. (left to right) Gladys Hill, Arwillie Lewis, Fern Hayes, Ruth Smith, Margaret Motter, Mr. Benjamin, Mrs. Benjamin. [X_100_workers_2593_mod.jpg]

Job Titles:

• Pine Mountain Trustee
• President, Berea College

Job Titles:

• Physician

Job Titles:

• Consultant
• Director of the Southern Women 's Alliance
• RYGI Consultant 1935
• Women 's Education

Orie Latham Hatcher, the Director of the Southern Women's Alliance, worked with Glyn Morris to establish similar programs at the Pine Mountain Settlement School. The result was a long-running program in Harlan County, Kentucky called the Rural Youth Guidance Institute in 1935. During her lifetime, Orie Latham Hatcher made extraordinary contributions as an English scholar and a pioneer in vocational guidance. Among those contributions was her assistance in creating the first-ever Guidance Institute, a vocational guidance program for rural youth that was begun at the Pine Mountain Settlement School in 1935 by Hatcher and Glyn Morris, ORIE LATHAM HATCHER: Her Education Born in 1868, Miss Hatcher had a quick intelligence and grew up in an environment that encouraged intellectual pursuits and social service. Her father, Dr. William Eldridge Hatcher, was a well-known and highly respected pastor of the Grace Street Baptist Church in Richmond, Virginia. Her mother, Oranie Hatcher, wrote books, pamphlets and articles, mostly focused on religion, and was trustee of Hartshorn Memorial College, a Richmond, Virginia institution for the exclusive education of African-American women. At the young age of fifteen Hatcher was the youngest graduate of the Richmond Female Institute. She stayed on to teach at the Institute until the fall of 1885, when, assisted by a wealthy northerner who recognized her potential, she began attending Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. The unusual idea of a southern woman attending a northern school was shocking to those who knew the Hatcher family, according to Women Who Changed Things by Linda S. Peavy and Ursula Smith: The proposal created shock waves in the community and it is said that one Richmond resident told Dr. Hatcher he would rather see his daughter in hell than at a Yankee college. Supposedly, Dr. Hatcher replied, "Well, you send yours to hell but mine is going to Vassar!" After a struggle to catch up with the more advanced northern courses, Miss Hatcher received an A.B. degree at Vassar in 1888. She taught at the Richmond Female Institute for a year before going on to earn a doctorate in English Literature from the University of Chicago in 1903. The next move in Orie Hatcher's academic career was to Bryn Mawr (Pennsylvania) College where she worked as a reader in English, and by 1912 an associate professor of comparative and Elizabethan literature. There she began establishing and organizing education-related projects, such as the founding of the Department of Comparative Literature and organizing the Virginia Association of Colleges and Schools for Girls, a group that encouraged individual girls' schools to cooperate in forming higher educational standards for girls and improving their educational opportunities. In 1914, Miss Hatcher decided to move from the field of literary scholarship and into projects that focused on women's education. She was the first president of the Virginia Bureau of Vocations for Women in Richmond and helped found the Richmond School of Social Work and Public Health to provide professional training for women in areas that were socially acceptable at the time. Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher was born in Petersburg, Virginia, on December 10, 1868, to William Eldridge Hatcher and Oranie Virginia "Jennie" (Snead) Hatcher. She was the third child of nine children, four of whom died in infancy. Hatcher died at age 77 of pneumonia after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage on April 1, 1946. She was buried in a family plot at Richmond's Hollywood Cemetery in Virginia. SEE the recently (2020) completed biographical information provided by the Virginia Commonwealth University on Orie Latham Hatcher and her contributions to the Social Welfare History Project Richmond School of Social Economy - Beginnings. October 1916 - July 1917. Dr. Orie Latham Hatcher ; O. Latham Hatcher ; O.L. Hatcher ; Latham Hatcher ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; English scholars ; vocational guidance ; Youth Guidance Institute ; rural youth ; Glyn Morris ; social service ; Dr. William Eldridge Hatcher ; pastors ; Grace Street Baptist Church ; Hartshorn Memorial College ; Richmond Female Institute ; Vassar College ; Women Who Changed Things ; Linda S. Peavy ; Ursula Smith ; University of Chicago ; Bryn Mawr College ; Elizabethan literature ; comparative literature ; Virginia Association of Colleges and Schools for Girls ; women's education ; Virginia Bureau of Vocations for Women ; Richmond School of Social Work and Public Health ; Virginia Bureau of Vocations for Women ; Southern Women's Educational Alliance ; Alliance for Guidance of Rural Youth ; Eleanor Roosevelt ; White House Conference of Child Health and Protection ; World War II ; extension services ; Oranie Virginia (Snead) Hatcher ; Hollywood Cemetery ; Pine Mountain, KY ; Harlan County, KY ; Richmond, VA ; Poughkeepsie, NY ; Chicago, IL ; Bryn Mawr, PA ;

Job Titles:

• Yali Chaplain

Job Titles:

• Member of Permanent Staff Dean of the Nursing School

Job Titles:

• Trustee
• BOT Members
• Education and Experience
• Secretary of the Board of Trustees at Pine Mountain Settlement School
• Secretary to PMSS Board, 1914 - 1931 ( ? )

Elizabeth C. Hench (1869-1939) was the Secretary of the Board of Trustees at Pine Mountain Settlement School from 1914 until 1931(?) She was the champion of the farm at the School in its early years and almost single-handedly responsible for establishing the Ayrshire herd during the years when the School supported and depended on a dairy. An accomplished writer, Hench's correspondence was always spirited. She was born in Carlisle, in Perry County, Pennsylvania, on the 26th of May 1869(?) and was educated at Miss Florence Baldwin's School in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, near her home. She then attended the University of Michigan from 1893-1895, finally earning her Ph.B degree in 1895. For one year, 1896-1897, she attended graduate school at the Thurston Preparatory School in Pittsburgh, PA, where she prepared in history and English. Following her graduate work, she accepted a position as a teacher of English in the East Side High School in Saginaw, Michigan. She remained in this position from 1897 until 1900 when she traveled to England to study at Newnham College, Cambridge. Her study in England from 1900-1901 was brief but formative. She returned to the States in 1901 to accept a position as an English teacher at the Manual Training High School in Indianapolis, Indiana, where she taught for the remainder of her career, eventually becoming the head of the English department. She also pursued additional graduate work at Columbia University, but the dates of her study there are unknown. It was at the Manual Training High School that she met Ethel de Long who had come to Indianapolis as a teacher in 1905, following her graduation from Smith College and a brief teaching appointment at Central High in Springfield, Massachusetts. Ethel de Long and Elizabeth Hench both taught at the Manual Training High School in Indianapolis; Hench, from 1901 until her resignation in 1925 and de Long, for five years until 1910 when she was recruited to Hindman Settlement School in Kentucky. It was most likely that Miss Hench was drawn into the work at Pine Mountain because Miss Hench and Miss de Long were colleagues in the English department at Manual. Also, both Hench and de Long were fortunate to work under Calvin N. Kendall, who was the Superintendent of Schools in Indianapolis during their tenures with the Indianapolis school. Kendall, who appears to be both a mentor and later a friend. On several occasions, Ethel de Long was a guest in the Kendalls' home. Kendall advanced in his career to become the New Jersey Commissioner of Education in 1911 and an important figure in national education. He was a life-long friend and admirer of both Ethel de Long and Elizabeth Hench and, for a brief time, Kendall served on the Board of Trustees for Pine Mountain. He was obviously a valuable source of support for Ethel de Long as she shaped the educational program at Pine Mountain and for Hench who sat on the Board. It was most likely de Long who recruited both Hench and Kendall to the Pine Mountain Settlement School Board. Elizabeth Hench was an engaged board member. Her correspondence is extensive and as the Secretary of the Board, she was the keeper of the School's events and the generator of much of its early memory. But it is her one-woman campaign to bring "Joy" to the School that is the most memorable record of her engagement. Joy was a cow. She was the first of a long line of cows that had names that grew from the name "Joy" and that formed the Ayrshire herd at Pine Mountain. The Cow Letters, (1927-1933) are a series of "Dear Friend" appeals for donations to support the herd. Her appeals are among the most entertaining documents generated by any board member and represent one of the most successful campaigns to raise money for the school's farm. Elizabeth Hench never married, but there is evidence of very interesting men who found her attractive. One of these was Alphonse R. Dochez, winner of the Nobel Prize for his work with scarlet fever and other diseases and founder of the journal for the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (SEBM) 1932-1934. [See: August 11, 1913, NYT] Dochez worked for Presbyterian Hospital and was associated with the Rockefeller Institute for Medicine in New York City and was well-known as a charming but reclusive bachelor. A colleague of Dochez's was Philip Hench who was also a leading pioneer in the field of microbiology. Philip's relationship with Elizabeth is not known, but he was also from Perry County, Pennsylvania. Elizabeth Hench ; Elizabeth C. Hench ; Board of Trustees ; PMSS farm ; Ayrshires ; cows ; dairy ; Calvin N. Kendall ; PMSS Board of Trustees ; fundraising ; Ethel de Long ;teachers ; Miss Florence Baldwin's School ; University of Michigan ; Thurston Preparatory School ; East Side High School ; Newnham College ; Manual Training High School ; Hindman Settlement School ; Alphonse R. Dochez ; Philip Hench ;

Job Titles:

• Student Record
• Student Staff - Biography

Job Titles:

• Teacher
• Counselor at Pine Mountain, Talking With Student, 1930s. [34090640 10215986858129430 7498932204970442752 Jpg]

As a major in early childhood development at Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, Esther Weller (Burkhard) enjoyed working with children in various orphanages, children's homes, and schools in Ohio and New York as part of Antioch's work-study program. By the time she was hired by Pine Mountain Settlement School she was well-equipped to serve as Boy's House housemother, Little School teacher in 1936, and teacher and counselor from 1937 through 1940. Her daughter, Elanor Burkhard Brawner remembers, [S]he taught all 8 grades one year and it was pretty overwhelming. She counseled her students to be proud of where they came from, no matter how poor their home was. [During one lesson], she took her little students into the Chapel when the organ was being installed and had them blow into the pipes to hear the different sounds. During Esther's application procedures for PMSS employment, the PMSS Director Glyn Morris wrote to her at Antioch College, on June 5, 1936. He described the current status of the Little School, stating that Harlan County had been contributing towards the salary of the Little School teacher. He was waiting to hear from the County Superintendent whether the contributions would continue. If not, the School would have to secure a volunteer worker. In his letter, Morris also explained the nature of the Little School: Morris must have been impressed enough with Esther's application and references to sense that she could handle the job. The Staff Directory 1913-present indicates that Esther was involved with Little School in 1936, but whether she did so as a volunteer (who would have been paid a stipend of $10 a month) or salaried worker is not known. Esther Weller Burkhard. Source: The Casey County News, 2014. [pmss_archives_photo_burkhard.jpg] Esther Eugenia Weller Burkhard, 101, died Saturday, Aug. 9, 2014, at Liberty Care Center in Liberty. Born Dec. 7, 1912, in Saint Joseph, Mo., she was predeceased by her parents, Philip P. and Hattie Williams Weller of Saint Joseph; and her husband, Fred J. Burkhard. Also preceding her in death were her sister, Eleanor Jackson; and a brother, Philip Sydney Weller. Esther worked alongside Fred as business manager in their Casey County News office for 28 years. She loved the people of Casey County and was pleased to make it her home since moving here in 1947. She grew up in Saint Joseph, attended the local junior college, transferred to Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, majoring in early childhood development. She enjoyed working with children in the various orphanages, children's homes, and schools in Ohio and New York as part of Antioch's work-study program. She was hired at Pine Mountain Settlement School in Harlan County, Ky. and served as teacher, counselor, admissions director and housemother. Fred was hired as printing instructor. They married and had the first child of the boarding school faculty. Esther was a member of AAUW, PTA, and Beacon Book Club, Cub Scout den mother, treasurer of Little People's Day Care, served as secretary of area homemakers, and was a 4-H Club leader. After retirement, she taught piano lessons in her home. She loved to travel, grow flowers, make juice and jelly, and study birds and wildflowers. She was the head genealogist for all sides of the family. She was crazy about the Space Program. She is survived by her children, Elanor Burkhard Brawner (Larry) of Elizabethtown and John P. Burkhard (Trudy) of Lexington; four beloved grandchildren, Neal F. Brawner of Jacksonville, Fla., Rebecca Burkhard Ratliff (Jonathan) of Louisville, Beth Anne Brawner Ahlhaus (Paul) of Shepherdsville, and Julie Burkhard Fritts (Jonathan) of Bethesda, Md.; four great-grandchildren, Ellie and Bennett Ratliff, and Maya and Hannah Fritts. Expressions of sympathy can be in the form of donations to Mt. Pleasant Church…. The funeral will be at 11 a.m. on Friday, Aug. 15 at McKinney-Brown Funeral Home in Liberty with Rev. Paul Patton officiating. Following the services, there will be a Celebration of Life Songfest at Mt. Pleasant Church on Ky. 70 West after the burial there. Visitation is from 6 to 9 p.m. on Thursday, Aug. 14. Pallbearers will be Paul Ahlhaus, Neal Brawner, Larry Griffin, Kevin Land, Marion Murphy and Dale Sellers. - See more at: http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/caseynews/obituary.aspx?n=esther-burkhard&pid=172096566&fhid=16685#sthash.9ewPUPyJ.9knLpNH5.dpuf Esther Weller Burkhard ; Esther Weller ; Esther Eugenia Weller Burkhard ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; Antioch College ; work-study programs ; Little School ; counselors ; Fred J. Burkhard ; printing instructors ; Elanor L. Burkhard ; John P. Burkhard ; Infirmary ; The Casey County News ; newspapers ; Philip P. Weller ; Hattie Williams Weller ; Eleanor Jackson Weller ; Philip Sydney Weller ; obituaries ; Pine Mountain, KY ; Harlan County, KY ; Yellow Springs, OH ; Liberty, KY ; Saint Joseph, MO ; Casey County, KY ;

Job Titles:

• DIRECTOR

Flynn, Jane Fifield. Kansas City Women of Independent Minds. Kansas City, Mo: Fifield Pub. Co, 1992. Print. Chapter 49, titled "Mary Rockwell Hook," is devoted to a biographical sketch of Hook and her early work as an innovative architect. Print.

Job Titles:

• Nurse
• Nurse, 1918 - 1919
• Title

Frances Lavender Album. "One obstacle in the path. I was so gracefully getting by they snapped me. The way we wear sweaters on tramps." [lave033.jpg] Frances Lavender came to Pine Mountain as part of the nursing staff in 1918 and stayed for one year. Like many staff at the School she served in several functions. Also, like many of the workers at Pine Mountain, her stay was short but formative for life. She never forgot the brief time spent at the School and remained in contact with Pine Mountain, particularly with co-director and co-founder Ethel de Long Zande in the years before Mrs. Zande's death, and later with other staff. She was apparently from Pennsylvania and may possibly have trained in education at the University of Texas. Little is known of her early education or how she came to Pine Mountain. Any additional information would be appreciated. Box 29 of the Director's Files (Personnel) contains a file that carries her correspondence spanning the years 1928, 1932-1935, 1944, and 1946. Individual items remain to be scanned. The waning years of her life were spent in Pasadena, California, where she moved following her marriage to Rex Truman. She had children and, at her direction, her descendants passed along her photograph album to the School. A staunch supporter of the School following her departure, she made many contributions, generally small in scale but consistent for the length of her life. Letters of correspondence with Ethel de Long Zande and others are testimony to her ongoing fondness for the School and its formative influence on her life. A small photograph album containing intimate images of Frances Lavender at the School and the many community members with whom she worked. The album is exceptional in its level of photographic description and the annotations can be used to identify many members of the School staff and the community of service. This page provides links to letters that Frances Lavender had collected and added to her album of photographs. The letters report on the activities of the School and the efforts to fund programs over the course of some thirty years. Many are form letters ("Dear Friend" letters) soliciting donations to the School and detailing the progress the School made during specific years. Frances Lavender ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; Frances Lavender ; Mrs. Rex Truman ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; Ethel de Long Zande ; nurses ; donors ; photograph albums ; Dear Friend letters

Job Titles:

• Teacher, 1937 - 1940

Fred J. Burkhard supervised the student-run print shop and taught printing classes at Pine Mountain Settlement School from September 1937 until June 1940. One of his memorable accomplishments at PMSS was the publication of the first edition of "At Home in the Hills," a book featuring John A. Spelman‘s linoleum prints. After Fred graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree at Berea (Kentucky) College in 1935 and before coming to Pine Mountain, he worked for Henry Vogt Machinery Shop in Louisville and also did surveying. He took over the operation of the School's print shop and classes from August Angel, who had accepted a high school teaching position in Dayton, Ohio. Fred stayed on at Pine Mountain until 1940 when he left to take a position at Bethel College in North Newton, Kansas. He was replaced at PMSS by August Angel, who returned with his family to Pine Mountain and resumed his previous position in the print shop. Fred worked at Bethel College for two years. There he shared the German language, which he learned at Berea College under Charlie Pauch, with the school's president and his neighbor, Edmund G. Kaufman who served at Bethel from 1932 to 1952. While at North Newton, Fred and Esther's son, John Philip Burkhard, was born. Fred and his family relocated again in 1942 to Chanute, Kansas, where Fred taught printing at Junior College for several years. In January 1947, the family returned to Fred's birthplace in Liberty, Kentucky. There he purchased The Casey County News, a local newspaper, from Otis. C. Thomas, whose father was the original owner. Burkhard's daughter, Elanor Burkhard Brawner, stated in a November 2018 email: Dad always wanted to write. He got his dream job as owner, editor, publisher of The Casey County News and wrote an editorial weekly, even after retirement. Fred owned, operated and published The Casey County News until 1976 and the newspaper is still in operation today. Esther worked alongside Fred as business manager in their newspaper's office. He also farmed his large acreage near Liberty and specialized in fruit trees, particularly apples. Julius worked as a farmer and his wife, Elise ("Lizzie") (Frey) Burkhard (born 1877), also Swiss, was at his side. Elanor Brawner wrote that "they spoke Schwitzer Deutsch (Swiss-German), which is more German than the French or Romansh, also spoken in Switzerland. [My father] never spoke English until first grade." Julius and Elise had three children. Fred was the oldest and was followed by Marguerite E. Burkhard and John V. Burkhard.

Job Titles:

• Director See Biography ( Private )

Job Titles:

• Student Staff Biography

Job Titles:

• Staff Trustee Interim Director

Gladys Ranson Hill joined the Pine Mountain Settlement School staff at the age of 23 in 1929, a year after earning an A.B. at Eastern Kentucky State Teachers College (later Eastern Kentucky University) in Richmond. It is unlikely that she could imagine that her teaching position with the School would last for the next 23 years. Hill's longtime relationship with the School began in the spring of 1929 when she sent the School the required documents: a completed application form, a photograph, and letters of recommendation. Her college major in English and history, practice teaching, and then experience in teaching high school students at Herndon, West Virginia, and as a current teacher and principal at Campton, Kentucky, made her an excellent candidate. She was offered a teaching position at a salary of $50.00 a month "and home" by Angela Melville, Associate Director, who described what to expect at the School in her acceptance letter to Hill, dated April 9, 1929: Gladys Hill ; Gladys Ranson Hill ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; education ; teachers ; students ; Glyn Morris ; Fred J. Burkhard ; The Casey County News ; Julius W. Hill ; Nellie Hill ; Eastern Kentucky State Teachers College ; Eastern Kentucky University ; science ; mathematics ; English ; Cooperation ; Bill Hayes ; Paul Hayes ; Alonzo Turner ; Hayes Bunch ; Laurel House ; Big Log ; Harmon Foundation ; cooperative stores ; housemothers ; Notes From the Pine Mountain Settlement School ; Katherine Pettit ; Vera R. Hackman ; Consumers' Cooperation ; PMSS Board of Trustees ; Chapel ; PMSS Alumni ; Pine Mountain, KY ; West Virginia ; Harlan County, KY ; Liberty, KY ; Richmond, KY ; New York, NY ; Fern Hayes ; Ruth Smith ; Margaret Motter ; Mr. and Mrs. H.R.S. Benjamin ; Zande House ;

Job Titles:

• Director, Glyn Morris, C. 1937. [X 100 Workers 2641 Mod.Jpg]

Gladys Morris, wife of Director, Glyn Morris, c. 1937. [X_100_workers_2641_mod.jpg] In 1970, Morris returned to Wilkes-Barre, the place of his beginnings, where he continued writing the last of his books on education and where he established a deep relationship with his friend and literary critic, Edmund Wilson, and his circle.* The Wilkes-Barre years are well covered in his autobiography, Less Travelled Roads. New York: Vantage Press (1977), and reveal another side of Morris that he nurtured in the last years of his life. The details of his friendship with Edmund Wilson are gathered in a biography (unpublished) that is in the Beineke Library at Yale. In 1976 Glyn Morris made his last trip to Pine Mountain. Before coming he established an itinerary that included many of his friends from the 1930s and 1940s and a trip to Evarts, where he spent his final years in Harlan County. He wrote to Alice Cobb, a teacher who was a close friend at Pine Mountain, about his trip. In his letter, one can see the continuing deep attachment to the School and his concerns for its future. A copy of the letter originally addressed to his former secretary, Alice Cobb, was sent by Morris to Fern and Bill Hayes, with whom he kept in continuous contact over the years, as he did with many of his Harlan County and Pine Mountain Settlement friends. The letter is a list of his recommendations for remediating some of the issues he saw at the school on his brief last visit.

Job Titles:

• DIRECTOR
• As PMSS Director
• Director of Pine Mountain

In 1931, Pine Mountain searched and found a new Director for Pine Mountain Settlement School. With the hire of Glyn Allen Morris, born in Glyn Ceiriog, Wales, Pine Mountain entered into another decade of innovative change. Born on February 20, 1905, the son of John and Emma Morris, Glyn came to the United States with his parents at the age of six and was a 1922 graduate of the James M. Coughlin High School, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. In 1931, Morris graduated from Albright College in Pennsylvania and Union Theological Seminary in New York City. GLYN MORRIS: His Application for PMSS Directorship Following Glyn Morris' application to become the Executive Director of Pine Mountain he was faced with an enormous task - win the heart of Angela Melville who was acting as Interim Director until the position could be filled, and pass muster with the remaining Search Committee! The comments of Miss Melville, to the School Search Committee, are stated in her very plain English and with her direct eye: He is -- a plain man At the age of twenty-seven, Morris was remarkably prepared for the task ahead of him. Summarizing his years at the School, the Pine Mountain Family Album 1943 describes his impact on Pine Mountain Settlement School during his tenure and gives credit to his wife Gladys for her supporting role In 1931 Glyn Morris and his wife, Gladys came to Pine Mountain from New York City, where Morris had just graduated from Union Theological Seminary and where Gladys had been nursing at the Henry Street Settlement. Lillian Wald, the founder and a leader in settlement work, had retired the year before in 1930 and had established one of the foremost programs in community nursing. The Album then describes Morris as he left the School after a tenure of ten years. In 1942 Mr. Morris enlisted in the Chaplains' Corps of the U.S. Army. The school bears the stamp of his personality and enjoys the fruits of his brilliantly directed energy. During the … years Mr. Morris has carried Pine Mountain deeply into the whole educational program of the South, as well as into the social and economic life of the country, serving as Secretary of the Harlan County Planning Council and President of the Southern Mountain Workers' Conference. Mrs. Morris has made her own unique contribution to the life of the school in countless practical and personal ways, as director of houses and grounds. The following is an excerpt from a biography provided to the Council of Southern Mountain Workers, by Miss Alice Cobb, Field Secretary for Pine Mountain at the time and a loyal supporter of Morris. The biography was in support of Morris who was asked to become the Executive Secretary (1945-1946) for the Council following his departure from Pine Mountain. The biography was part of an article titled "Executive Secretary" in Mountain Life & Work, vol. 21, no. 2 (Fall 1945).… [Glyn Morris] grew up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, where he had the experience of working in the coal mines. This was, of course, invaluable in his later work in Harlan County. [After attending college, he] came almost immediately to Pine Mountain as Director, and served until 1942, when he entered the army as a Chaplain. He is an ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Morris built up the educational and vocational programs at Pine Mountain in a dramatic way. He introduced the Cooperative Store project, the Community Service program as part of the school curriculum, and the plan for Guidance Counsel which has made the school unique, and which, along with other progressive features of our program, has been discussed in Mountain Life and Work. His influence was (and is) strongly felt all through Harlan County. Through the Pine Mountain Guidance Institute [later Rural Youth Guidance Institute] , the school secured its position of leadership, educationally and socially, in county activities and soon gained National recognition. Mr. Morris was a strong leader in the Harlan County Planning Council, which was one of the more widely known outgrowths of the Institute. …. The Berea College Archival Record provides a body of work in microfilm that duplicates that found at Pine Mountain. In the history written for the Guide to the Pine Mountain Settlement School Records is a description of Glyn Morris's service to Pine Mountain, as follows …Death and/or retirement of the founders brought Glyn Morris to the directorship in 1931. Instead of solving socioeconomic problems with special services, he sought to address such problems through the school program itself. Morris and the staff emphasized the uniqueness of each student and focused on preparing them for the realities of life after leaving Pine Mountain. Staff restructured the curriculum and with the help of students, rewrote texts. First-year students were given a survey course covering all areas of learning offered by the school. Glyn Morris died on October 8, 1993, in Wilkes-Barre, and was buried at Mount Greenwood Cemetery in Trucksville, PA. He was preceded in death by his first wife, Gladys, his sister, Lillian Morris, and brother, Walter Morris. Glyn Morris ; Glyn Allen Morris ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; administrative staff ; directors ; education ; progressive education ; John and Emma Morris ; coal mining ; slate mining ; Reinhold Niebuhr ; PMSS Family Album, 1943 ; Henry Street Settlement ; Chaplains' Corp ; U.S. Army ; Harlan County Planning Council ; Southern Mountain Workers' Conference ; Miss Alice Cobb ; Council of Southern Mountain Workers ; Mountain Life & Work ; Presbyterian Church ; Cooperative Store project ; Community Service program ; Guidance Council ; Pine Mountain Guidance Council ; UNCA Advisory Board ; Asheville Biltmore College ; Edmund Wilson ; Lillian Morris ; Walter Morris ; curriculum ; survey courses ; coop store ; nutrition ; community life ; student government ; citizenship committee ; William D. Webb ; H.R.S. Benjamin ; Gladys Jones ; Barbara Hoskins ; American Personnel and Guidance Association ; Rural/Regional Education Association ; Kentucky Colonel ; Governor Julian Carroll ; Harlan County, KY; Glyn Ceirog, Wales ; Wilkes-Barre, PA ; Reading, PA ; New York City, NY ; Berea, KY ; Trucksville, PA ; Cambridge, MA ; Evarts, KY ; Lewis County, NY ; Lyons Falls, NY ; Kansas City, KS ; Fredonia, NY ; Orono, ME ; Buffalo, NY ; Canton, NY ; Syracuse, NY ; Westminster, MD ; Asheville, NC ;

Green, Archie. Green Fields of Illinois, an LP record of traditional folk music performed by artists from southern Illinois. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Campus Folksong Club, University of Illinois, 1963. Sound recording.

Hook, Mary R. "This and That." Kansas City, Mo.?, 1970. Deposited in the Mary Rockwell Hook Papers, Western Historical Manuscript Collection, University of Missouri, Kansas City, and the Kansas City Public Library. A copy is held in the Pine Mountain Settlement School archive. An autobiographical account of the architect's life that contains many of her designs for the Kansas City homes, including her early family home at 54 East 53rd Terrace, designed by Hook in 1908. She dedicated the autobiography to Burton Rogers, lifelong friend and longtime Director of Pine Mountain Settlement School.

Job Titles:

• Director

Job Titles:

• Director
• HUBERT HADLEY Director / Pine Mountain Settlement School
• PMSS Director

Hubert Hadley was first introduced to Pine Mountain Settlement School when he received a letter from Angela Melville, PMSS Interim Director, dated September 12, 1929, while he was Superintendent of Carcassone Community Center in Gander, Kentucky: Series 04: ADMINISTRATION - Directors Series 09: BIOGRAPHY Hubert Hadley, PMSS Director 1930-1931 Henry Hubert Hadley (1896-1976) TAGS: Hubert Hadley, Henry Hubert Hadley, Miss Katherine Pettit, Miss Angela Melville, trustees, Greeley Teachers College, Carcassone Community Center, Evelyn K. Wells HUBERT HADLEY Director 1930-1931 Hubert Hadley was first introduced to Pine Mountain … Continue reading HUBERT HADLEY Director Hubert Hadley ; Henry Hubert Hadley ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; correspondence ; retirement ; Miss Katherine Pettit ; Miss Angela Melville ; directors ; associate directors ; trustees ; Greeley Teachers College ; teachers ; Carcassone Community Center ; Gander, KY ; Greeley, CO ;

Job Titles:

• Member of Yali Faculty and Athletic Director

Frank [Francis S.] Hutchins: our "boss"; representative of the Yale- in-China home office in New Haven

Job Titles:

• PMSS Trustee

Jean, Melinda Zacuto, Jerry Silverman, and Ethel Raim. Folk Songs of the Southern Appalachians As Sung by Jean Ritchie: 77 Traditional Songs, Tunes, and Ballads from the Singing of Jean Ritchie and the Ritchie Family, with Guitar Chords and Notes on the Songs. New York, N.Y: Oak Publications, 1965. Musical score.

Jeannette Lin: gynecologist; head of a tiny refugee clinic

Mr. Campbell, John C. Campbell, was very much interested in the Southern Appalachian area. He had been connected with three schools, one in northern Alabama, one on the plateau in Tennessee, and president of a small junior college in North Georgia. And he felt so keenly that what he was doing was perhaps not helping the area as much as helping the individual, especially the boys to leave the area that he resigned as president of Piedmont College and he made a study of the Southern Appalachian area, which takes in about nine states. People don't realize that northern Mississippi and Alabama are part of the Appalachian area, not the Deep South. They're both, but the northern part is part of the Appalachian area. And Mr. Campbell made this study and Mrs. Campbell made it with him, and everybody felt that their problem was unique; no one else had a problem like their problem, was different from anyone else's. And he felt it was nothing but a rural problem, some more intensely rural than other. And he felt the thing to do was to make it possible to have a meeting to get people together, the heads of schools…

Job Titles:

• Architect

Job Titles:

• West Virginia Secretary of State

Job Titles:

• Student - Biography

L'Heureux, Mary Alice. "Well Connected." Urban Planning & Architecture. 8 (May 2006): 78-83. Print. This illustrated article includes extensive information on Mary Rockwell Hook, particularly her work at Pine Mountain Settlement School, KY. "Mary Rockwell Hook, Pioneer Architect, Dies." Kansas City Star. (September 9, 1978): 10B:1. Print. Obituary of her death on Friday on the anniversary of her 101st birthday. She was living in her home on Siesta Key, an island off the coast of Sarasota, FL.

Job Titles:

• Title

It was in 1919 that May met and married Leon Deschamps. Leon Deschamps was well-respected at the School for his forestry projects and his Boy Scout leadership. May also had skills of her own to offer. Due to her family's keen interest in music-making, May was well-versed in traditional Appalachian folk songs. The PMSS publication Notes mentions, as late as 1935, her singing of the hymn "The Little Family" during a campus gathering. She also was skilled in craft making, as evidenced by her cornhusk doll collection at the Mountain Heritage Center, Western Carolina University, and in the homes of many relatives and friends.

Job Titles:

• Intern at Hsiang Ya Wife of Frank [Francis Hutchins]

Margaret Dodd and Elizabeth Dodd with lamb. [X_100_workers_2653_mod.jpg]

Job Titles:

• History
• Marguerite Butler

Another young teacher, Margaret ‘Peggy' Watts, roomed with Miss Butler in Big Log , a house where Katherine Pettit, a cooking instructor, three teen-aged "mountain girls," and two children also lived. It was a house that she described as "the most attractive" and "the cleanest one I have ever seen…for every morning the girls sweep and dust it from top to top." Assuring her mother, "Yes, you see, we do put on style even if we are in the mountains," she enthusiastically told of furniture made by the boys at the School; handwoven curtains, rugs, and baskets; an immense fireplace with an antique clock on the mantle and bookcases on each side; and windows that "open out…like French ones!" However, when the building's "sleeping porch" was needed for guests, the two women moved to a tent in which Mary Rockwell (Hook), the architect of the School's buildings and campus, was staying. The teaching position at the School, she soon discovered, also included bathing the children, putting them to bed, tracking them down when they missed school, and administering smallpox vaccinations. She became attached to her "family" of children, delighting in their progress, not only in academics, but in learning the basics of personal care. Various teachers, visitors, and people in community became dear friends of hers, including Evelyn Wells, Frances Lavender, Celia Cathcart, Mr. Philip Roettinger and his daughter Elizabeth Roettinger, and the Creech family members, particularly "Aunt Sal," who felt that Miss Butler was "like [one of] her own children." In a 1969 letter to Mary Rogers, wife of Director Burton Rogers, Miss Butler fondly reminisces about those days: "How many suppers at Delia's and Aunt Sal's!! I especially enjoyed the old folks, but then I loved the children too and felt very close to some my own age…." After re-reading the letters of her youth and reliving the Pine Mountain experience, she stated that "Again I realize how much Aunt Sal, Uncle William, Delia, Henry, [all Creeches] etc. meant to me." Marguerite Butler Bidstrup was born on February 14, 1892, and died in April 1982. Her grave is located in the Little Brasstown Baptist Cemetery, Cherokee County, Murphy, NC. She left four acres of land near the John C. Campbell Folk School to Gus and Maggie Masters, teachers of enameling and co-directors at the school in the 1970s.

MARGUERITE BUTLER LETTERS 1914-1970 GUIDE provides a list of links to pages for each year of letters written by Marguerite Butler. Miss Butler served as a teacher, housemother, superintendent of extension work, and fundraiser at PMSS from 1914 through 1922. She was also a respected scholar of folk music and dance. In 1925, she began working with Dame Olive Campbell to co-found the John C. Campbell Folk School in Brasstown, North Carolina. Miss Butler's letters were written primarily to members of her family while she was working at Pine Mountain Settlement School. In 1969 and 1970 her letters were addressed to the Director, Burton Rogers, and his wife, Mary Rogers, long after she had left Pine Mountain.

Mary Angela Melville was born in Trelawney, Jamaica, in 1886 to Charles Julian Melville (born in England) and Anna Stewart Chandler (born in Jamaica). She returned to visit Jamaica many times throughout her years in the United States. At some time after her work at Pine Mountain, she returned to live on the island of Jamaica and continue to promote cooperatives. She passed away on 1977 in Jamaica.

Job Titles:

• Architect
• Trustee
• Architect / SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA
• Her Education

While working as an architect in Kansas City, Missouri, Mary Rockwell was recruited by Ethel de Long and Katherine Pettit in 1913 to design the campus and buildings for the new Pine Mountain Settlement School in Harlan County, Kentucky. Over one hundred years later, her buildings continue to be appreciated for their attention to place and their harmonious blending with their natural surroundings, an innovative approach for an architect of her era. Her site plan and buildings are now part of the National Register of Historic Places and have a solid place in the history of American woman architect. She was one of the first - in many areas. At a time when society viewed it as improper for women to enter the field of architecture, the young Mary Rockwell was fortunate to have the support of her family as her interests in such a career developed but society should be even more indebted to Mary's tenacity. Mary Rockwell was born in Junction City, Kansas, on September 8, 1877, the third of five daughters of Union Army Captain Bertrand Rockwell and Julia Marshall Snyder. Following his Civil War duties, Bertrand remained in Kansas and was successful as a grain merchant and later as a banker. He was an Easterner from a family that was nationally prominent in the Revolutionary War. Her uncle was reportedly responsible for the construction of the nation's capitol building in 1795. She was always proud of her membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution and Dames of the Loyal Legion and always maintained strong family ties and frequently visited an older sister who lived in Santa Rosa, California where the Rockwells lived for a brief time. The couple had five daughters. Mary was the third. The daughters in order of birth were Florence, Bertha, Mary, Katherine, and Emily. Their mother, Julia Rockwell, came to Kansas when quite young to help care for an ailing aunt and met Bertrand while he was stationed at Fort Riley. The couple loved to travel and the children were regularly included in their adventures. Julia was also an avid reader and encouraged her daughter to read and pursue a career. She must have been heartened by the successes of her daughters, particularly Mary. Julia died in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1947. Mrs. Rockwell was also adamant that her daughters attend the best schools. They were sent first to good preparatory schools in the east and later to Wellesley College in Massachusetts. Mary first attended the Dana program, at the time a preparatory high school for Wellesley College. Mary received her liberal arts degree in 1900 from Wellesley and it was at Wellesley that Mary Rockwell established relationships that eventually brought her to Pine Mountain Settlement School. Mary stayed in Europe through 1909. He parents had left Junction City, Kansas, for Santa Rosa, California, for her father's health. His brother-in-law, Dr. Finlaw, was married to Julia's older sister and was a well-known physician in Santa Rosa. While there, the couple experienced the 1909 San Francisco earthquake. Santa Rosa was very hard hit as described by Mary: All the business sector of Santa Rosa was destroyed. Banks were burned and no money was to be had. My father immediately had currency sent out from Junction City (Kansas). For this act he is still remembered. Mary would shortly go to Santa Rosa where she responded to her older sister Florence's call for help in designing a house for her family. Florence had married James Edwards, a prominent figure in Santa Rosa, later to become mayor of the town, Mary designed the home which went undiscovered as a Mary Rockwell design until just recently when Jeff Elliot researched the house at 930 Mendocino Avenue, and discovered that it was the work of Mary Rockwell. Elliot's excellent article also details Mary's later (1923) work in California including the home for her sister Kitty and husband Francis Crosby, on 80 acres of land in Woodside, California. This later structure which Mary describes as a French country house is more like a French chateau and recently sold for over $8.5 million. It is obviously a far "hollar" from the work that Mary had put forward at Pine Mountain. Mary only briefly refers to the house as most likely the final design was much altered by her sister and husband and the influence of architect Henry Dangler and Mary's co-worker in Kansas City, Mac Remington, who consulted on the work. In 1921, Mary Rockwell married Inghram D. Hook, an attorney. According to the National Register application for her Kansas City houses, "[Her career] was at its busiest and most fruitful stage during the first years of her marriage." While living a busy life as a mother of two adopted sons and an active member of her communities of interest, the couple hosted their nieces and nephews who were regularly included in the couple's life, sometimes spending summers at Pine Mountain. Mrs. Hook continued designing buildings into her late 70s but her geography and interests changed dramatically in 1935, when she purchased 55 acres on Siesta Key, a barrier island off the central western coast of Florida and on the Gulf of Mexico. There she set aside land on part of the key for use by architects who wished to experiment with new designs. Her structures in this new era reflect a myriad of contemporary innovations and interests. Perhaps the most telling is the design she drew for West Wind, the proposed girl's dormitory at literary Pine Mountain. She also developed a residential area at Sandy Hook, a neighborhood on Siesta Key, where she included an octagon-shaped third home for her family. It was in this home that she entertained many of her Pine Mountain friends who came to visit as well as a long list of celebrities and dignitaries. She enjoyed entertaining and generously shared her Siesta Key and her Kansas City homes with her many friends and visitors, including Pine Mountain staff and students. This welcoming spirit is reminiscent of the favored mountain invitation, "Now, y'all come and visit. … spend the night." MARY ROCKWELL HOOK: Her Memoir, "This and That" Mrs. Hook never forgot her Pine Mountain experience and the serenity, isolation, and old-time ways that she found there. When late in life she was encouraged to write her autobiography, it was at the urging of Burton Rogers, a former Director at Pine Mountain Settlement School. Mary said that Burton suggested that she "…begin when you laid out the Pine Mountain Settlement School in 1913." Others suggested other places to focus, but Mary found her own journey and knew it best. She said: Mary Rockwell ; Mary Rockwell Hook ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; Wellesley College ; women architects ; Katherine Pettit ; Ethel de Long ; Art Institute of Chicago ; Ecole des Beaux-Arts ; Marcel Arburtin ; gender bias ; American Institute of Architects ; Kansas City, MO ; Howe, Holt, and Cutler ; Old Log ; Big Log ; Laurel House ; PMSS Board of Trustees ; Inghram D. Hook ; National Register of Historic Places ; Kansas City Landmarks Commission ; Hook and Remington ; Eric Douglas MacWilliam Remington ; Siesta Key, FL ; Sandy Hook, FL ; International Archive of Women in Architecture ; Mary Rockwell Hook Papers : Western Historical Manuscript Collection : University of Missouri ; Kansas City Public Library ; Burton Rogers ; Pine Mountain, KY ; Harlan County, KY ; Junction City, KS ; Wellesley, MA ; Chicago, IL ; Paris, France ; Kansas City, MO ; California ; Massachusetts ; Colorado ; Europe ; East Asia ; Mary Rockwell Hook Photography Album ; Line Fork Architectural Planning for Second Cabin ; This and That, Mary Rockwell Hook autobiography ; Becker, Linda F. "From the Survey," in Historic Kansas City Foundation Gazette, March-April 1987, v. 11, no. 2, 6 pages ; Conrads, David. "Ahead of Her Time: Mary Rockwell Hook," Kansas City Live!, April 1991, v. 2, no. 7, pp. 46-51 ; "Mary Rockwell Hook, Pioneer Architect, Dies," Kansas City Star, September 9, 1978 , p. 10B:1 ; Conrads, David. "Mary Rockwell Hook." Missouri Magazine, Fall 1993, v. 20, no. 3, pp. 28-33 ; Katherine Pettit ; Ethel de Long Zande ; Blacksburg, VA ; "IAWA Spotlight: Mary Rockwell Hook." International Archive of Women in Architecture. 3 (Fall 1991). http://spec.lib.vt.edu/IAWA/news/news3.html (accessed 2009-10-05). Internet resource. Schmidtlein, Sarah. "Mary Rockwell Hook: The Hook Style." Historic Kansas City News. 2 (October 1977): 6-7. Print. Through photographs and narrative, this article describes the contributions of Hook to Kansas City. The style of Hook is described in this article as derived from "Gothic and Moorish arches, the Spanish casa types, the Italian palazzos, California cottage style, Italian and Spanish motifs," and more.

Job Titles:

• Artist
• Environmental Education Planning and Programming Notes

Mary Rogers was born January 7, 1914, as Mary Blagden. She grew up in the village of Greenham just south of Newbury in Berkshire County, England, as the daughter of the local vicar. Her earliest appreciation of the environment is described by Craig Evan Royce in his book "Country Miles Are Longer Than City Miles: 30th Anniversary Edition (AuthorHouse, 2007): She was born in England in a vicarage that bordered eight miles of unspoiled heather common and as a young girl spent hours alone moving quietly within the heather and moss. She vividly recalls the feel of the sphagnum moss on the soles of her bare feet. Mary attended Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, and then the Institute of Education at the University of London. it was at the University that she first met her husband in 1935 while he was there completing his Master's degree in education. After Burton Rogers graduated and returned to China, where he had been teaching English, he continued corresponding with Mary, who was by then serving as Principal at a school in Murhu in the Ranchi District of India. In the summer of 1940, Burton traveled over the Burma "Hump" to visit Mary in India, where they were married. Mary followed Burton back to China, where the two continued teaching for another year before the political developments following the Second Sino-Japanese War became too dangerous for them to continue working there. With the change to the community school program, Mary found new opportunities for service. For instance, she took on the task of continuing the annual presentation of the Nativity Play using elementary day school children. Among all the other challenges, she had to "shrink" all the costumes. (Later, when the community school moved away, she had to reverse the process and expand and/or completely replace the costumes as the cast changed again to adults from the community.) It was Mary Gould Davis, retired children's librarian of the New York Public Library, who encouraged Pine Mountain to rejuvenate their library for use by elementary school students. Not only did Ms. Davis donate many books by top-rank authors to fill the shelves, but she also guided Mary Rogers through the many aspects of running a library such as obtaining, cataloging, binding, checking out, and displaying books. But perhaps the greatest impact was her insistence that the librarian should also tell stories. Though reluctant at first, Mary Rogers soon re-kindled her childhood joy of bringing a story to life. Soon she was telling the classic European fairy tales, then American folk tales, great children's literature (Kipling, Graham, Potter, Brunhoff, and many others), and stories and legends from different cultures all over the world. For many students and visitors, their fondest memories at Pine Mountain are of Mary's vividly animated and riveting tales. "…It could be Mrs. Pettit…a stalwart figure seeing that something which needs doing is being done." Illustration by Mary Rogers, 1963. Source: Pine Mountain Album 1913-1983. Anyone who knew Mary Rogers might immediately recall her delightful line drawings that embellished many of the publications, such as Christmas cards, note cards, calendars of the Pine Mountain Settlement School and the pamphlets, Pine Mountain Album 1913 - 1963 and The Pine Mountain Story 1913 - 1980. According to Craig Evan Royce, "As a young girl, Mary Rogers was moved by the work of Beatrix Potter and began drawing at a very early age." Her works could also be found in many 1950s issues of the quarterly, Mountain Life & Work, for which she served as staff artist. The several books that carry her illustrations include The Appalachian Square Dance by Frank Smith, Mountain Dooryards, a book of poetry by Dora Read Goodale, and Nippy and the Yankee Doodle, a collection of folktales by Dr. Leonard Roberts, and several booklets of songs and games, etc., published by the Cooperative Recreation Service. Her sketch studies of local violets still hang in the living room of Laurel House [2017]. Always creative, she applied her hand to many diverse art forms such as: carving both realistic figures and abstract designs; modeling clay figurines; knitting finger puppets; shaving twigs into wooden flowers; creating jewelry from dried lichens or from sections of pipevine or other inspirations from nature; some of which she sold through the School's gift shop. People fondly remember her arrangements of local flowers for the Chapel altar. Mary Rogers was also keenly interested in the environment and became a self-taught expert in ecology. When Harlan County built a new consolidated elementary school ten miles away and Pine Mountain had to change to a new educational program, she and Nancy Sather promoted taking advantage of not only the campus but the surrounding land and cultural heritage to teach and inspire students and adults of the region in the values of their surroundings through environmental education (EE). She helped develop and teach environmental education classes from 1971 to 1992. Mary also served as interim EE Coordinator when necessary. Her heartfelt approach to environmental education is captured in her document "Uncle William's Mandate to Pine Mountain," a planning document for outdoor education at the School drafted in the late 1960s. According to Craig Royce in his book Country Miles Are Longer Than City Miles, "…Mary Rogers is a lady, a spirit, at times almost elfin as she moves among the flora and humanity of this valley …." Her knowledge of the natural world was called upon as a resource by her colleagues as they worked to update and expand the School's environmental education program. In 1988 Mary received an Excellence in Environmental Education Award from the Kentucky Association for Environmental Education, for EE Staff. [left to right] Scott Matthies, Mary Rogers, Afton Garrison, [?], Cami Hamilton (Dalton), David Siegenthaler (Director). c. 1980 & 1981. [X_100_workers_2604_mod.jpg] (left to right) Mary Rogers, Bill Leach, ?, ?, and Milly Mahoney in living room of Big Log, c. 1970s. [X_100_workers_2657_mod.jpg] Mary Rogers' early understanding of the spiritual aspects of environmental education is also described by Milly, who served as teacher, office staff, a member of the Board of Trustees and briefly interim director of the School and often was asked to speak for the School. Here, she was invited to address the Harlan, Kentucky, chapter of the D.A.R. when she reflected on her friend Mary: I want to single out one thing that was supremely important to Mary … the spiritual aspect of environmental education. This spiritual aspect is not really absent when you see lovely pictures of trees, flowers, birds and butterflies, or have the personal experience of walking trails and visiting buildings, but we don't always put it into spiritual words … Mary thought in spiritual terms - very "ordinary" experiences had spiritual meaning for Mary. From her early years this was combined with a keen appreciation of nature. In her later years she kept a little notebook in which she occasionally jotted down thoughts and feelings. Mary Rogers ; Mary Blagden Rogers ; Pine Mountain (KY) Settlement School ; Burton Brush Rogers ; directors ; Yateley, England ; University of London ; education ; China ; Murhu, India ; New Haven, CT ; Yale Divinity School ; counselors ; teachers ; housemothers ; Far House ; American Friends Service Committee ; principals ; social studies ; drawings ; artists ; PMSS publications ; Mountain Life & Work ; carvings ; illustrations ; Frank Smith ; Dora Read Goodale ; Dr. Leonard Roberts ; ecology ; environmental education ; naturalists ; Afton Garrison ; Kentucky Association for Environmental Education ; sustainability ; library ; community outreach ; Nativity Play ; Christopher Rogers ; Peter Rogers ; Earth Day ; Lexington, KY ; Lexington Friends Meeting Circle ; Milly Mahoney ; Craig Evan Royce ; Country Miles Are Longer Than City Miles ; Mary Rogers, Burton Rogers accepting an award. Debra Callahan to far right. [X_100_workers_2662_mod.jpg]

Job Titles:

• History

Job Titles:

• Secretary

May Day in 1932 was a festive time. The campus was open to the community to join in the celebratory events. One of the young men who came to campus that day had something other than celebration on his mind, Drunk and carrying a pistol, Walter Day was looking for trouble. After insulting a student and his girlfriend he found himself struck to the ground by the insulted student, Reid Johnson. As Reid walked away, his back to Walter Day, Day pulled his gun, fired once and killed Reid with a shot to his back that nicked his heart. Moller was on the scene just after the incident and, profoundly disturbed by the event, volunteered to accompany Morris to Clover Fork, on the other side of Black Mountain to notify the parents of the unfortunate student. On the journey Moller wrenched his ankle and in physical pain and mental pain he tried his best to lend support to the family and to Morris. Whether as a result of his "furriner" aura or his growing autocratic management style at the School, Moller became a focus for the anger of the community surrounding the shooting event. Morris received news that Moller's life was being threatened and by the end of the week Moller had packed up and left Harlan County. Morris reports in his autobiography that Moller returned to Denmark where he became a successful dealer in farm machinery but not before WWI came to his doorstep and exposed him to global terror.

May Belle Ritchie Deschamps was born on June 19, 1896, in Viper, Kentucky. She died at age 86 on October 11, 1982, in Buncombe County, North Carolina, where she and Leon lived in their last years. She is buried in the Warren Wilson College Cemetery in Swannanoa with her husband Leon, the "John Riley" of her life. The fourteen children of Abigail (née Hall) Ritchie and Balis W. Ritchie are listed below along with their birth dates (and deceased dates if known). Those who attended Pine Mountain Settlement School are marked by an asterisk.

Job Titles:

• MAY RITCHIE Student / Pine Mountain Settlement School
• Student

May Belle Ritchie was the oldest of fourteen children in a family that became celebrated as one of the two "great ballad-singing families" of Kentucky among folk song scholars. (The other family was the Combs family from Knott County, whose repertoire was documented by Hindman Settlement School‘s first graduate, Dr. Josiah Combs. Wikipedia.org.) The skills of the "Singing Family of the Cumberlands" were so admired that in 1917, Cecil Sharp, the well-known ballad and folksong collector came from Great Britain and documented songs performed by May and her sister Una Ritchie for his collection. Two of these songs are held in the Cecil Sharp Collection in England, but copies were given to the Ritchie family and may be seen in the copy supplied by Suzanne Salvo, grand-daughter of May Ritchie. The two songs, "Tack Went a-Sailing" (3945) and "The Rambler" (3946), were collected on August 30, 1917 at Pine Mountain. Two songs collected in 1917 by Cecil Sharp at Pine Mountain from May Ritchie. Copies of originals annotated by Sharp are held by Suzanne Salvo, granddaughter of May Ritchie. Originals in the collections of Cecil Sharp House, London. Seven of the fourteen Ritchie children attended Pine Mountain School throughout the late teens and early 1920s, including May Ritchie. Also attending were Kitty, Una (attended Wellsley), Patty, Jewel, Raymond, and Truman. The others, Ollie, Mallie, Edna, Pauline, Opal, and Balis Wilmer Jr., attended nearby Hindman Settlement School, while Jean attended public school and later the University of Kentucky. May was evidently acquainted with several of the workers at Pine Mountain before she became a student at the School, likely because three of her siblings began attending as early as 1917. This may explain how she encountered Cecil Sharp at Pine Mountain and sang for him. May shared stories of her early days at Pine Mountain with her youngest sister Jean Ritchie when Jean was preparing her family story in Singing Family of the Cumberlands, published in 1955. She says of those early days: "I went off to the Settlement School at Pine Mountain finished up school and worked there awhile. Seems like I was always running away from some boy or other, would always tell Mom and Dad I was not interested in any man, nor getting married. Then word went around the school that a young man from Belgium across the waters was coming to stay and work at the school. He had a funny name, Leon Deschamps. The day he came I had to get his room ready, then when he got there I showed him to the room and said as few words as I could to him, I was so bashful. He began right away to pay attention to me, and I just could not stand him. But he wouldn't give up so easy. He even came home to see me one summer when I was home for a vacation." She then goes on to describe her father's antipathy toward any marriage to a "foreigner," saying that "… when Leon came to our house, the family couldn't think of a thing but him being a foreigner, and they acted uneasy. But I'd laugh around and tell them all he didn't mean a thing to me that I didn't invite him to come to see me. After he was gone, one evening Dad walked into the kitchen, threw his load of wood in the box, blew his nose, and said, ‘I'd as lief see one of my young uns dead as married to a furriner.' "Who's marrying one? I snapped out at him." When May finally made up her mind to marry Leon she said she worried about her Dad, but she wrote to her Mom, "My mind is made up; I aim to marry this man. He is a good man and there is no one can change me about him." Her mother replied, "If you love him, marry him. If you think it would be a pleasure to wash his dirty socks then you love him." Her father, she reported, was probably in shock as he didn't speak a word after reading her letter and kept his silence for a day and a night, according to May. But, her friends and staff from Pine Mountain were delighted and came to the wedding - as did her father. Riding over the mountains from Pine Mountain on the wedding day, Ethel de Long Zande was thrown from her horse and broke her ankle. The wedding party patched her up and she re-mounted her nag and rode on to Viper on the North Fork of the Kentucky for the wedding. May and Leon's friends at the School had also shown their delight in the marriage by getting together the wedding clothes - "sewed every stitch of them by hand," related May [Marguerite Butler notes in a later letter that May did much of the sewing]. May describes her trousseau: May Ritchie ; May Belle Ritchie ; May Ritchie Deschamps ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; ballad-singing ; folk songs ; Combs Family ; Ritchie Family ; Cecil Sharp ; collector ; Una Ritchie ; Hindman Settlement School ; Leon Frantz Deschamps ; foresters ; Marguerite Butler ; correspondence ; supper parties ; Miss Melville ; Miss Bobbins ; Miss Parkinson ; Ruth B. Gaines ; meals ; social gatherings ; Pole House ; Mrs. Zande ; Mary Rockwell ; Alfred J. Deschamps ; Carol Deschamps (Shupe) ; Clotilde Deschamps (Guisasola) ; Berea College ; Boy Scouts ; crafts ; cornhusk dolls ; Mountain Heritage Center ; Western Carolina University ; John C. Campbell Folk School ; foodways ; Helen Hayes Wykle ; food service ; folk schools ; Belgian food ; Warren Wilson College ; Alice Cobb ; Dorland Bell Hall ; Jean Ritchie ; David Brose ; George Pickow ; Abigail (née Hall) ; Balis W. Ritchie ; Pine Mountain, KY ; Harlan County, KY ; Knott Co., KY ; Great Britain ; Viper, KY ; Berea, KY ; Brasstown, NC ; Swannanoa, NC ;

Job Titles:

• MAY RITCHIE Student / Pine Mountain Settlement School

Job Titles:

• EARLY WORK WITH CREDIT UNIONS
• Interim Director
• Office Organizer, Fundraiser 1916 - 1920 / Associate Director

On July 20, 1928, following the death of Ethel de Long Zande on March 13, 1928, a printed notice from the Pine Mountain Settlement School announced that the School's Board of Trustees had, on April 29 of that year, "invited Miss Mary Angela Melville to become Associate Director of Pine Mountain Settlement School, and that on August 1st, Miss Melville comes to assume sole charge of the academic department and of the office and fiscal promotion of the school, all of which had the devoted care of the late Mrs. Ethel de Long Zande." In her new position, Miss Melville was equal in authority to then director, Katherine Pettit (1913 - 1930), but with the specific areas of responsibility listed in the announcement. [See Correspondence with Burton Rogers, 1971] Article IV of the By-Laws, had delegated to an Executive Committee of three members (designated in the 1927 Board minutes) the authority to "possess and exercise all the powers of said Board…" [see Martin letter to E. Wells, March 19, 1928] for the appointment of an associate director. When they selected Angela Melville, Darwin D. Martin, a member of the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees, sent a letter to Miss Melville, asking if she would assume the position of an associate director with Katherine Pettit. She responded as follows: Miss Angela Melville spent six months of this year raising a fund with which to carry on the extension work to which Pine Mountain has long looked forward. [As a] field representative for the National Credit Union Extension Bureau (CUNEB), [Miss Melville] organized credit unions, primarily in the South (Kentucky and Tennessee) particularly among women's groups, the poor, miners, postal workers, and railroad workers. She helped organize several leagues and chapters. Her service with the credit union movement was short-lived, but she nevertheless achieved much for CUNEB, including writing the first guide to credit union practice, Some Hints as to Usual Credit Union Practice, which ran through many editions and was the only publicity item for the movement for years. The May 1924 issue of Notes from the Pine Mountain Settlement School reported that Miss Melville returned to the Kentucky mountains as an organizer for the National Credit Union Extension Bureau, describing her as … a fit choice for the work of establishing credit unions in rural communities, where mutual confidence needs to be built up and where both the small farmer and the neighborhood need this particularly wholesome form of help. She believed in the credit union, and having lived as a member of our community for several months, believed in the success of one here. Not only were every one of us filled with her enthusiasm and interest, but also made to realize the duties, responsibilities and detail of work involved in such an association. Angela Melville on horseback with riderless horse behind her. [X_099_workers_2492a_mod.jpg] Angela Melville ; Mary Angela Melville ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; directors ; associate directors ; Cooperative Bureau for Women Teachers ; National Credit Union Extension Bureau ; CUNAverse ; credit unions ; Brasstown Savings & Loan Association ; miners ; postal workers ; railroad workers ; Line Fork Settlement ; fundraising ; Darwin D. Martin ; PMSS Board of Trustees ; Southern Mountain Workers ; Pine Mountain, KY ; New York ; Brasstown, NC ; Knoxville, TN ; Zande House ; Dogwood Breakfast(?) ; Sally Loomis ; Miss Taylor ; Dr. Alfreda Withington ; Miss Burbrick ; Mrs. Burns ; Miss McDavid ; Trelawney, Jamaica ; poems ; poetry ; balladry ; Lean-To ;

Job Titles:

• CELIA CATHCART Staff Trustee / Pine Mountain Settlement School
• Staff Trustee

Celia Scone Cathcart was born on May 8, 1893, in Sidell, Illinois, the only child of William Gabriel ("WG") Cathcart and Anna Sconce Cathcart. WG's parents, John Marshall Cathcart and Sarah Alexander, had emigrated from County Tyrone, Ireland, to Illinois in the mid-1800s. After attending grade school and high school in Sidell, Celia studied at Illinois Woman's College (now the co-educational MacMurray College) in Jacksonville, Illinois. Celia studied for two years at MacMurray College before transferring to Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. There she joined the Alpha Phi Sorority, earned membership in Phi Beta Kappa, a society that honors outstanding scholastic achievement, and graduated in 1915. Meanwhile, Celia's father, William Gabriel Cathcart, had purchased a house and farm named "Rosedale" in London, Ohio, for Caryl and Celia. After Celia returned to Illinois from Kentucky in 1919, the couple moved to the Ohio property, with hopes of finding work and starting a family. Celia kept busy working for the Daughters of the American Revolution, Delphian Club, and the East High Street Club, and teaching a Rudora Sunday School class. She was active in the Republican Party and worked for the election of Judge Frances Allen to the Ohio Supreme Court. Although Ms. Allen was not elected, she would have been the first woman in such a position. CELIA CATHCART Correspondence 1925-1926 - Letters to Cathcart from PMSS Executive+ Staff, 1925-1926. Celia Cathcart ; Celia Sconce Cathcart ; Celia Cathcart Holton ; William Gabriel Cathcart ; Anna Sconce Cathcart ; John Marshall Cathcart ; Sara Alexander ; County Tyrone, Ireland ; Sidell, IL ; Illinois Woman's College ; MacMurray College ; Jacksonville, IL ; Northwestern University ; Evanston, IL ; Alpha Phi ; sororities ; Phi Beta Kappa ; Katherine Pettit ; William Cathcart Holton ; Caryl Ames Holton ; University of Illinois ; civil engineers ; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ; France ; U.S. Army Expeditionary Force ; U.S. Army ; teaching ; teachers ; education ; World War I ; fundraising ; Harlan County, KY ; London, OH ; roads ; Daughters of the American Revolution ; DAR Magazine ; Delphian Club ; East High Street Club ; Rudora Sunday School ; Republican Party ; Judge Frances Allen ; Ohio Supreme Court ; The Depression ; funeralizing ; PMSS Board of Trustees ; Pine Mountain road ; Road-Maker Magazine ; The Outlook ; The Highway Magazine ;

Job Titles:

• Secretary
• Interim Director, Secretaries, Education, Appalachian
• Reading
• Staff Interim Director

TAGS: Evelyn K. Wells, interim director, secretaries, education, Appalachian music, folklore, folk music, ballads, balladry, mountain music, folk tales, sociology, anthropology, folk dance, English Folk Dance and Song Society, Country Dance Society, Playford tunes, broadsides, Marguerite Butler, Katherine Pettit, Luigi Zande, Glyn Morris, Wellesley College Evelyn K. Wells earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Wellesley (Massachusetts) College in 1913. Her first appointment upon graduating was at the Hartridge School, a private, nonsectarian school in Plainfield, New Jersey, which lasted until 1915. Evelyn K. Wells. [pmss_photo_MOD_wells_evelyn_portrait_enlarged-jpg] In 1916 she traveled to Pine Mountain Settlement School, where she was employed as the secretary for the School for the next 15 years. In 1931 she served as acting head of the School until a permanent director could be appointed. That director was Glyn A. Morris whose changes in the Pine Mountain program often caused friction between the two. Following her departure from Pine Mountain Wells still remained connected and served for a time on the Board of Trustees for the School. It was during this period, in the late 1930s that the two strong personalities of Wells and Morris clashed. Many of the confrontations centered on administrative issues, for the two remained constant in their affection for mountain life and for the European traditions that the School so strongly supported. Miss Wells returned to Wellesley College in 1932 and graduated in 1934 with a Master of Arts degree. She remained at Wellesley for the remainder of her career, becoming prominent in the study and teaching of English Literature and Anglo-American folk dance and song. She retired in 1956 as a Professor of English after twenty years at Wellesley College, subsequently becoming an Honorary Member of the Alumnae Association. Her extended stay at Pine Mountain contributed in part to her keen interest in folk music, as she described in the acknowledgments for her book, The Ballad Tree: A Study of British and American Ballads, Their Folklore, Verse and Music, Together with Sixty Traditional Ballads and Their Tunes: IN the preparation of this book I am obligated to many individuals and experiences. My long-standing associations with the Pine Mountain Settlement School in Kentucky, the English Folk Dance and Song Society, and its American branch, the Country Dance Society, have focused my attention on the collecting and teaching of traditional song, while a course given for a number of years at Wellesley College has served as proving ground for its presentation in more or less the form of this book. … Evelyn K. Wells leaning against stone wall at the Medical Settlement , Big Laurel. [X_099_workers_2526b_mod.jpg] Evelyn K. Wells at the Medical Settlement, Big Laurel. She is holding a woven hickory basket. [X_099_workers_2526d_mod.jpg] Evelyn K. Wells seated on the steps of the Office at PMSS. [X_099_workers_2527v_mod.jpg] Pine Mountain Settlement School Series 07: DIRECTORS Series 09: BIOGRAPHY Evelyn K. Wells: Secretary 1916-1931, Interim Director 1931 Evelyn Kendrick Wells TAGS: Evelyn K. Wells, interim director, secretaries, education, Appalachian music, folklore, folk music, ballads, balladry, mountain music, folk tales, sociology, anthropology, folk dance, English Folk Dance and Song Society, Country Dance Society, Playford tunes, … Continue reading EVELYN K. WELLS Staff Interim Director Evelyn K. Wells ; Evelyn Kendrick Wells ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; directors ; secretaries ; education ; Appalachian music ; folklore ; Hartridge School ; Wellesley College ; folk music ; ballads ; balladry ; mountain music ; folk tales ; sociology ; anthropology ; acting head ; English literature ; folk dance ; folk song ; English Folk Dance and Song Society ; Country Dance Society ; University of New Hampshire Library ; Southern Appalachian Archives ; Berea College ; Mountain Life & Work ; Playford tunes ; Journal of the International Folk Music Council ; broadsides ; Pine Mountain, KY ; Harlan County, KY ; Wellesley, MA ; Plainsfield, NJ ; Durham, NH : Berea, KY ; Marguerite Butler ; A Glimpse of the Kentucky Mountains ; The Atlantic Monthly ; The personal papers and collections of Evelyn K. Wells are located in The Country Dance and Song Society Archives and University of New Hampshire Library, Durham, New Hampshire. Extant administrative files of PMSS directors from 1911 to 1940, including those of Miss Wells, are located in the Southern Appalachian Archives, Special Collections & Archives at Hutchins Library, Berea (KY) College. Evelyn Wells frequently served as a reviewer for the Journal of the International Folk Music Council. The following reviews, included in the March 17, 1965 (v. 17), issue of that journal, are but a few of the many reflections she gave to materials published on folk music.

Job Titles:

• DIRECTOR

Soon after receiving Pettit's letter, Principal Lange of the Husmandsskole responded that he thought he had found a good match in Mr. Peder Moller, …a young man with varied experience in agriculture, gardening, some office-work, etc. He is a son of one of my neighbours and he just came home from a 4-month's stay as student at "Fircroft" College [of Adult Education] near Birmingham [U.K.]. (He speaks very good English.)

Job Titles:

• Marguerite Butler

Marguerite Butler, a young woman from Cincinnati, Ohio, and a recent graduate of Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, NY, arrived at Pine Mountain Settlement School on August 13, 1914, with plans to teach for two years, unaware of the hard-won successes, heartwarming relationships, as well as tragic events she would experience. Miss Butler, however, had all the attributes required to deal with both the good and the adverse times that she encountered in the eight years she finally spent at the School. Pat McNelley described Miss Butler in The First 40 Years: John C. Campbell Folk School as follows: …[S]he had abundant use for all the Sociology and Economics she had learned at college, plus all the natural resources of her dynamic personality. At that time roads were trails, in and out of creeks and often the creek bed itself; third grade was the top class at Pine Mountain…. Her inherent ability as an organizer, her untouched gift as a leader, were put to work. This was a job that required tireless physical energy…. Marguerite Butler (left) and two other workers in forest. [X_100_workers_2537.jpg] Miss Marguerite Butler, our extension worker, is on leave for a year's study of the folk schools of Denmark. She is working there with Mrs. John C. Campbell, widow of the late head of the Southern Highland Division of the Russell Sage Foundation, and author of the "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland." Miss Butler expects to bring back many helpful ideas for her extension work in connection with the country schools.

Job Titles:

• Director

Henry Hubert Hadley was born on August 28, 1896, in Ellis, Texas, to Turner S. Hadley and Essie A. Reese. According to an obituary from the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, he married Julia Alice Gahart (1897-1983) on May 25, 1918. They had two daughters, Dorothy and Dixie. He died on December 24, 1976, in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Job Titles:

• Director
• Executive Director
• Directors, Managing
• Executive Director, January 2002 - June 2013
• NANCY ADAMS Director / Pine Mountain Settlement School
• PMSS Director

TAGS: Nancy Adams, directors, managing change, centennial celebration, community relations, lands unsuitable for mining, environmental education, James E. Bickford State Nature Preserve, Kentucky Heritage Council, preservation workshops, endowment management, PMSS partners, sustainability measures, Grow Appalachia program, Reading Camp, Intervention Program, VISTA, The Sandy New Era, The Charleston (SC) Gazette, Appalshop, WV Humanities Council, John A. Sheppard Memorial Ecological Reserve As the history of Pine Mountain Settlement School (PMSS) has shown, the task of managing the School has always been challenging. Each director must see that the School stays grounded by its traditions and past successes, such as the boarding school era, the community school days, and its outstanding environmental education program. And at the same time, each director must also move with the present and prepare for the future. For past PMSS directors, keeping a balance between traditions, thriving programs, and progressive change has not been an easy task. They have faced the privation of two wars, the 1918 flu epidemic, poverty that is difficult to imagine, and many more challenges. However, as difficult as managing change has been through the years, the process has always been remarkably creative. Every director has left us valuable models to meet the new demands that future change will bring. Nancy Adams' tenure as the School's director came during a particularly rapid period of transition in today's world. The changes and challenges In the Appalachian coal fields included the continuing decline of the coal industry, and with it, the loss of coal employment to historic lows; the depressed economy as industry-dependent businesses struggled to stay open; the increased out-migration of residents; and the hurdles of creating a more diversified economy. These changes were occurring during one of the nation's worse economic recessions. During her eleven years as PMSS Director, Nancy Adams met these challenges to the School, with innovative solutions and, consequently, Pine Mountain flourished. During her last year, the School prepared for its 100th year of operation and, while looking back was an important part of the centennial celebration, looking forward was a critical necessity. Transcribed below is her final "Dear Friends" letter, published in the spring 2013 issue of Notes from the Pine Mountain Settlement School. In her letter, she lists the ways the School succeeded and improved under her leadership. Her narrative captures her profound love of the region and the land and her commitment to environmental concerns. Nancy Ray Adams was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and grew up in Ashland, Kentucky. After graduation from Maryville (TN) College, she worked with VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) in Mingo County, West Virginia. She helped with flood recovery efforts after the 1977 flood along the Tug River, which is the geographic feature between southern West Virginia, and parts of Eastern Kentucky. Her editing work with a small community newspaper, The Sandy New Era, led her to pursue a master's degree in journalism from Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. As a general assignment reporter and editor at The Charleston (WV) Gazette, Ms Adams wrote a series, "Holding On to Home," which was chosen for the public service award from the Scripps Howard Foundation in 1989. She was also part of a team of reporters whose work was chosen for environmental writing awards. After leaving The Charleston Gazette, she worked with a team of people on a book about the de-institutionalization in West Virginia of adults with developmental disabilities. Ms Adams has also worked at Appalshop, a media center in Whitesburg, Kentucky. There, she was the director of the community radio station, WMMT, and produced news reports for the station. In 1997, Ms Adams went on to work in the office of West Virginia Secretary of State Ken Hechler where she was in charge of overseeing the state's campaign finance laws and monitoring campaign finance reports for legislative offices statewide. After the 2000 election cycle, Ms. Adams was hired by the West Virginia Humanities Council to work as a staff writer for the West Virginia Encyclopedia project. She left that position after being hired for the executive director's position at Pine Mountain Settlement School. Nancy Adams, Nancy Ray Adams ; Pine Mountain Settlement School ; executive directors ; Appalachian coal fields ; coal industry ; out-migration ; economic recessions ; managing change ; centennial celebration ; Notes from the Pine Mountain Settlement School ; community relations ; lands unsuitable for mining ; environmental education programs ; James E. Bickford State Nature Preserve ; Kentucky Heritage Council ; preservation workshops ; Berea (KY) College ; Larry Shinn ; endowment management ; PMSS partners ; sustainability measures ; staff development ; Grow Appalachia program ; Reading Camp ; Intervention Program ; Maryville (TN) College ; VISTA ; The Sandy New Era ; Marshall University ; The Charleston (SC) Gazette ; Appalshop ; WV Secretary of State Ken Hechler ; WV Humanities Council ; John A. Sheppard Memorial Ecological Reserve ;

Job Titles:

• Founder of the John C. Campbell Folk School
• Marguerite Butler, Edith Canterbury. [Late 1920s]

When Marguerite returned to the States in 1924, she was recruited by Mrs. Campbell to assist in founding of the John C. Campbell Folk School in Brasstown, NC, named in honor of Mrs. Campbell's late husband and based on the Danish model for folk schools the two had studied in 1923. In 1928 she returned to her alma mater, Vassar College as a guest speaker to the Curriculum Committee to describe her Scandinavian experience and the work she engaged at Pine Mountain and was currently doing at the John C. Campbell Folk School. Her talk, "The Danish Folk School and its Application to American Life," was arranged by two Vassar students who had spent their summer in North Carolina. Marguerite addressed the need for a progressive education that focused on engaging the student rather than imparting knowledge. She certainly was the expert on "hands-on." [Vassar Miscellany News, Volume XIII, Number 7, 20 October 1928.]

Job Titles:

• Director
• Director, and Mattie "Mac" Hayes. [X 100 Workers 2663 Mod.Jpg]
• Student

Paul Hayes (left) with his brother, William Hayes. [hay0261.jpg] Pine Mountain must have seemed a pristine and delightful place to Paul Hayes whenever he visited his older brothers, John and Silvan, and later William Hayes, who were students at the Settlement School. Those times inspired him to later state that he "had a love affair with PMSS ever since the age of 12." The Fall 1996 issue of Notes from the Pine Mountain Settlement School was dedicated to Paul Hayes. In it, Mildred Mahoney (acting director who succeeded Paul Hayes) included Paul's fond memory of one of his early visits: As a young child, Paul Hayes came over Pine Mountain, with his mother, on the logging railroad, for a special event - Pine Mountain Fair Day, memorable because Paul had his first ice cream cone. Hayes spent his boyhood in Coxton (Harlan County), Kentucky, where he attended the coal camp elementary school. When Paul began seventh grade at PMSS in 1936, he joined his brother, William Hayes, who was already attending the School. Paul wrote in the April 1989 issue of Notes from the Pine Mountain Settlement School: Paul Hayes with his nephew, Wm. Steven Hayes. Source: Paul Hayes Photograph Collection. [hay_IMAG0245_mod.jpg] Paul's graduation from PMSS high school in 1940 coincided with the heating up of World War II. As the United States began to greatly increase its Navy after Germany captured Paris, France, Paul joined a Navy V-12 Unit. Through the V-12 program, he received training both at Berea (Kentucky) College, and Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, followed by service on a PT (Patrol Torpedo) Boat in the area of the Caribbean. Paul next returned to the PMSS campus on the occasion of his marriage in the PMSS Chapel to Ellen ("Mattie") Ayers Hayes on May 30, 1946. Ellen, a Berea College graduate, was, like Paul, a native of Harlan County (Twila) and a former student at PMSS. She was one of six sisters who attended the school. Throughout the years following their marriage, Paul and Ellen raised their family, owned and operated a music store in Bristol, Tennessee, and helped start a Presbyterian Church "which became basically a university church." Throughout these years, Paul stayed involved with PMSS and helped to institute an active alumni association to support the School. Paul Hayes was already retired and still living in Bristol when, in September 1986, he was offered the position of interim director at Pine Mountain Settlement School to replace former Director James Urquhart. Paul's most formative educational years at Pine Mountain were during the tenure of Glyn Morris, Director. In the April 1989 issue of PMSS Notes, he stated the following: We walk in the steps of Mr. [Glyn] Morris. His ideals guide us as we follow along, ever seeking to make the programs and activity here a reflection of what he taught us. Paul Hayes was born in October 1922 and died of cancer in October 1996 in his 10th year as Director of the Pine Mountain Settlement School. Paul Hayes with young Steven Hayes, his nephew, at PMSS, c. 1944. [hay_IMAG0245_mod.jpg] Paul Hayes ; Pine Mountain Settlement School, KY ; directors ; education ; progressive education ; Harlan County, KY ; coal camp ; William Hayes ; PMSS Notes ; Berea (KY) College ; U.S. Navy Unit V-12 ; Duke University ; Ellen Ayers Hayes ; Chapel ; Bristol, TN ; Presbyterian Church ; carillon ; Glyn Morris ; Bill Robinson ; environmental education ; intervention ; KET video ; Coxton, KY ; Berea, KY ; Durham, NC ; Twila, KY ; California ; England ; Mildred Mahoney ; logging railroad ; Pine Mountain Fair Day ; boarding schools ; World War II ; PT boat ; Caribbean area ; Pine Mountain Alumni Association ; James Greene III ; infrastructure ; community ;

Moller finally arrived at Pine Mountain Settlement School in November 1930. By that time Pettit had left the School and Hubert Hadley replaced her as director. For a short time Moller seems to have managed well and was acclimating to the new geography and to the new culture.

Job Titles:

• Member of the Permanent Staff Chief Surgeon of Hsiang Ya

Ritchie, Jean. The Ritchie Family of Kentucky. S.l.: Folkways Recordings, 1958. Internet resource.

Job Titles:

• Contributor

Job Titles:

• Pine Mountain Director

A letter from the Hadleys' daughter, Dixie (Hadley) Teague, sent to Pine Mountain Director Robin Lambert and received by her successor, Nancy Adams, gives more details about the family experience at the School. The envelope was postmarked on September 11, 2000.

Job Titles:

• Title

Hill, Gladys, and Vera R. Hackman. "Teaching Cooperation At Pine Mountain; Cooperation, the Core and the Method - An Enriched Program for the Tenth Grade." Consumers' Cooperation. XXVII (January - December 1941): 151-153. New York: The Cooperative League of U.S.A. Print. As of July 2012, an unedited OCR of the text is located at http://fax.libs.uga.edu/text/ co41txt.txt. Internet resource.

Walter Day was tried in Harlan County court and sentenced to five years in the State Penitentiary. He was paroled after serving just short of three years of his sentence. Morris reflected in his book that "Violence is, I suspect, less unpopular than we care to admit." [Morris, p. 137] Apparently, war also has a short memory.

Job Titles:

• PLANNING

Job Titles:

• Student Staff ( Part I ) - Biography