EU-MACS

Obviously, such a holistic vision of the product/service life cycle has challenged the traditional distinction of roles and functions between producer (or provider) and user (or customer). We refer to co-creation (of a product or service) as the outcome of the convergent work of end users with other industrial and non-industrial stakeholders in a common prototyping environment. While the term triple helix was coined some years ago to describe the cooperation of Research, Government and Industry within a regional innovation system, the Living Lab approach has enhanced that scheme into the quadruple helix, by adding the end user/citizen/customer as the 4th stakeholder. In this sense, we also speak about 4P - or Private Public People Partnerships - as the most common way of user and stakeholder involvement in innovation related activities at local level... wants to unleash the European climate services market