POUYA TAVOUSI

Freeze drying is the process of removing water from biodegradable pharmaceutical products by means of sublimation. Conventionally, a vial containing the solution, is taken to subzero temperatures ( 40 C), and then vacuum and heat are applied to promote the sublimation. The nal product is a cake that must be reconstituted, by adding diluent from a separate container, to get prepared for administration. Alternatively, one can use a dual chamber syringe which has a chamber for the cake product and one for the diluent. Through a similar procedure, the solution will be converted to a cake product in the associated chamber. However, differently from the case of vials, reconstitution occurs only using the diluent inside the other chamber and no additional container will be needed for this purpose. This has two main advantages. First, fewer steps are required for preparation and injection when compared to traditional vial/syringe combinations, with no need for multiple needles or transfers..