Advanced cancers are heterogeneous and evolve resistance to existing clinical treatments through a process of somatic evolution. This evolution is driven by intra-tumor heterogeneity and shaped by a process of selection that includes both natural selection (the cancer ecosystem) as well as treatment. Our group has been working with the labs of cancer biologists such as Conor Lynch, with whom we have been studying treatment of tumors in the bone, and Andriy Marusyk, with whom we investigate evolution and treatment in lung and breast cancer.