COPLAND

During the 1990s a series of hybrid amplifiers named "Copland Synetic Ampliers" in short "CSA" was introduced to the market. They were all employing the Copland CSA hybird circuitry design originally developed by Copland in 1980s and put into work for the first time in the CSA14 integrated amplifier launched in 1993. The CSA circuitry employs one or two dual triodes in a differential input stage direct coupled to a solid stage class A Cascode Output.