ISO

https://www.iso.org/standard/67381.html is the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) testing guidance for evaluation of Anti-Spoofing technology, a.k.a. Presentation Attack Detection or "PAD". Four 30107 documents have been published to date, including ISO/IEC 30107-4:2020, the precursor to ISO/IEC WD 30107-4 currently in progress... Information about Vendors, Methods, Spoof Bounties, and Testing. In biometrics, Liveness Detection is an AI computer system's ability to determine that it is interfacing with a physically present human being and not an inanimate spoof artifact... 3D Liveness Detection is the first and most important line of defense against targeted spoof attacks on remote identification and authentication systems. The second line of defense is a high FAR (see Glossary, below), for accurate biometric matching.