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Some researchers have used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using geometry form angiography scan segmentation and boundary flow conditions (BFCs) obtained from 4D-Flow MRI to address the issue of spatio-temporal resolution. However, errors in segmentation and BFCs (due to acquisition noise) , errors in flow model parameters (dynamic viscosity) and assumption regarding the flow regime (Newtonian vs non-Newtonian, laminar vs turbulent) impact the fidelity of results. Consequently, CFD is not used in clinical decision making... It is impossible acquire all the data in a single cardiac cycle. Typically, the 'k-space' is scanned over several cardiac cycles. Acquisition is gated to the cardiac cycle using the ECG signal. Consequently, the 3-D data for a given cardiac phase is actually an 'average' over several cardiac cycles. Figure 1. illustrates the 4D-Flow MRI acquisition process... There are several limitation in 4D-Flow MRI that has prevented its application in routine clinical..