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Holon (philosophy) **A holon (Greek: holos, 'whole' and -on, 'part') is something that is simultaneously a whole in and of itself, as well as a part of a larger whole. In other words, holons can be understood as the constituent part-wholes of a hierarchy.** A fractal is close to the idea of holon, as it is a part that represents a whole at the same time. Do seeds contain trees or do trees contain seeds? We could say both are true, because 'trees and seeds' is an example of a holon. The holon represents a way to overcome the dichotomy between parts and wholes, as well as a way to account for both the self-assertive and the integrative tendencies of organisms. The term was coined by Arthur Koestler in "The Ghost in the Machine" (1967). In Koestler's formulations, **a holon is something that has integrity and identity while simultaneously being a part of a larger system; it is a subsystem of a greater system. Holons are sometimes discussed in the context of self-organizing holarchic open..